niukahtaa
Finnish
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈniu̯kɑhtɑːˣ/, [ˈniu̯kɑ̝xt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -iukɑhtɑː
- Syllabification(key): niu‧kah‧taa
- Hyphenation(key): niu‧kah‧taa
Verb
niukahtaa
- (intransitive) to sprain
Conjugation
| Inflection of niukahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | niukahdan | en niukahda | 1st sing. | olen niukahtanut | en ole niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | niukahdat | et niukahda | 2nd sing. | olet niukahtanut | et ole niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | niukahtaa | ei niukahda | 3rd sing. | on niukahtanut | ei ole niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | niukahdamme | emme niukahda | 1st plur. | olemme niukahtaneet | emme ole niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | niukahdatte | ette niukahda | 2nd plur. | olette niukahtaneet | ette ole niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | niukahtavat | eivät niukahda | 3rd plur. | ovat niukahtaneet | eivät ole niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | niukahdetaan | ei niukahdeta | passive | on niukahdettu | ei ole niukahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | niukahdin | en niukahtanut | 1st sing. | olin niukahtanut | en ollut niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | niukahdit | et niukahtanut | 2nd sing. | olit niukahtanut | et ollut niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | niukahti | ei niukahtanut | 3rd sing. | oli niukahtanut | ei ollut niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | niukahdimme | emme niukahtaneet | 1st plur. | olimme niukahtaneet | emme olleet niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | niukahditte | ette niukahtaneet | 2nd plur. | olitte niukahtaneet | ette olleet niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | niukahtivat | eivät niukahtaneet | 3rd plur. | olivat niukahtaneet | eivät olleet niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | niukahdettiin | ei niukahdettu | passive | oli niukahdettu | ei ollut niukahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | niukahtaisin | en niukahtaisi | 1st sing. | olisin niukahtanut | en olisi niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | niukahtaisit | et niukahtaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit niukahtanut | et olisi niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | niukahtaisi | ei niukahtaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi niukahtanut | ei olisi niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | niukahtaisimme | emme niukahtaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme niukahtaneet | emme olisi niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | niukahtaisitte | ette niukahtaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte niukahtaneet | ette olisi niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | niukahtaisivat | eivät niukahtaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat niukahtaneet | eivät olisi niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | niukahdettaisiin | ei niukahdettaisi | passive | olisi niukahdettu | ei olisi niukahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | niukahda | älä niukahda | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | niukahtakoon | älköön niukahtako | 3rd sing. | olkoon niukahtanut | älköön olko niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | niukahtakaamme | älkäämme niukahtako | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | niukahtakaa | älkää niukahtako | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | niukahtakoot | älkööt niukahtako | 3rd plur. | olkoot niukahtaneet | älkööt olko niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | niukahdettakoon | älköön niukahdettako | passive | olkoon niukahdettu | älköön olko niukahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | niukahtanen | en niukahtane | 1st sing. | lienen niukahtanut | en liene niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | niukahtanet | et niukahtane | 2nd sing. | lienet niukahtanut | et liene niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | niukahtanee | ei niukahtane | 3rd sing. | lienee niukahtanut | ei liene niukahtanut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | niukahtanemme | emme niukahtane | 1st plur. | lienemme niukahtaneet | emme liene niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | niukahtanette | ette niukahtane | 2nd plur. | lienette niukahtaneet | ette liene niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | niukahtanevat | eivät niukahtane | 3rd plur. | lienevät niukahtaneet | eivät liene niukahtaneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | niukahdettaneen | ei niukahdettane | passive | lienee niukahdettu | ei liene niukahdettu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | niukahtaa | present | niukahtava | niukahdettava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | niukahtanut | niukahdettu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | niukahtaessa | niukahdettaessa | agent4 | niukahtama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | niukahtamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | niukahtaen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | niukahtamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | niukahtamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | niukahtamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | niukahtamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | niukahtamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | niukahtaman | niukahdettaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | niukahtaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
References
- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
- “niukahtaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023