Finnish
Etymology
Proto-Finnic *onkë- + -alo, from Proto-Uralic *woŋke (“hole”).[1] Cognate with Karelian onkura, Ludian ongurtta,[2] and Estonian ungas.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈoŋkɑlo/, [ˈo̞ŋkɑ̝lo̞]
- Rhymes: -oŋkɑlo
- Syllabification(key): on‧ka‧lo
- Hyphenation(key): on‧ka‧lo
Noun
onkalo
- cave, (large) pit, cavity
- Synonym: luola
- cavity, hollow
- Synonyms: onsi, ontelo
Declension
| Inflection of onkalo (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
|
| nominative
|
onkalo
|
onkalot
|
| genitive
|
onkalon
|
onkalojen
onkaloiden
onkaloitten
|
| partitive
|
onkaloa
|
onkaloja
onkaloita
|
| illative
|
onkaloon
|
onkaloihin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
onkalo
|
onkalot
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
onkalo
|
onkalot
|
| gen.
|
onkalon
|
| genitive
|
onkalon
|
onkalojen
onkaloiden
onkaloitten
|
| partitive
|
onkaloa
|
onkaloja
onkaloita
|
| inessive
|
onkalossa
|
onkaloissa
|
| elative
|
onkalosta
|
onkaloista
|
| illative
|
onkaloon
|
onkaloihin
|
| adessive
|
onkalolla
|
onkaloilla
|
| ablative
|
onkalolta
|
onkaloilta
|
| allative
|
onkalolle
|
onkaloille
|
| essive
|
onkalona
|
onkaloina
|
| translative
|
onkaloksi
|
onkaloiksi
|
| abessive
|
onkalotta
|
onkaloitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
onkaloin
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
onkaloni
|
onkaloni
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
onkaloni
|
onkaloni
|
| gen.
|
onkaloni
|
| genitive
|
onkaloni
|
onkalojeni
onkaloideni
onkaloitteni
|
| partitive
|
onkaloani
|
onkalojani
onkaloitani
|
| inessive
|
onkalossani
|
onkaloissani
|
| elative
|
onkalostani
|
onkaloistani
|
| illative
|
onkalooni
|
onkaloihini
|
| adessive
|
onkalollani
|
onkaloillani
|
| ablative
|
onkaloltani
|
onkaloiltani
|
| allative
|
onkalolleni
|
onkaloilleni
|
| essive
|
onkalonani
|
onkaloinani
|
| translative
|
onkalokseni
|
onkaloikseni
|
| abessive
|
onkalottani
|
onkaloittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
onkaloineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
onkalosi
|
onkalosi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
onkalosi
|
onkalosi
|
| gen.
|
onkalosi
|
| genitive
|
onkalosi
|
onkalojesi
onkaloidesi
onkaloittesi
|
| partitive
|
onkaloasi
|
onkalojasi
onkaloitasi
|
| inessive
|
onkalossasi
|
onkaloissasi
|
| elative
|
onkalostasi
|
onkaloistasi
|
| illative
|
onkaloosi
|
onkaloihisi
|
| adessive
|
onkalollasi
|
onkaloillasi
|
| ablative
|
onkaloltasi
|
onkaloiltasi
|
| allative
|
onkalollesi
|
onkaloillesi
|
| essive
|
onkalonasi
|
onkaloinasi
|
| translative
|
onkaloksesi
|
onkaloiksesi
|
| abessive
|
onkalottasi
|
onkaloittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
onkaloinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
onkalomme
|
onkalomme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
onkalomme
|
onkalomme
|
| gen.
|
onkalomme
|
| genitive
|
onkalomme
|
onkalojemme
onkaloidemme
onkaloittemme
|
| partitive
|
onkaloamme
|
onkalojamme
onkaloitamme
|
| inessive
|
onkalossamme
|
onkaloissamme
|
| elative
|
onkalostamme
|
onkaloistamme
|
| illative
|
onkaloomme
|
onkaloihimme
|
| adessive
|
onkalollamme
|
onkaloillamme
|
| ablative
|
onkaloltamme
|
onkaloiltamme
|
| allative
|
onkalollemme
|
onkaloillemme
|
| essive
|
onkalonamme
|
onkaloinamme
|
| translative
|
onkaloksemme
|
onkaloiksemme
|
| abessive
|
onkalottamme
|
onkaloittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
onkaloinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
onkalonne
|
onkalonne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
onkalonne
|
onkalonne
|
| gen.
|
onkalonne
|
| genitive
|
onkalonne
|
onkalojenne
onkaloidenne
onkaloittenne
|
| partitive
|
onkaloanne
|
onkalojanne
onkaloitanne
|
| inessive
|
onkalossanne
|
onkaloissanne
|
| elative
|
onkalostanne
|
onkaloistanne
|
| illative
|
onkaloonne
|
onkaloihinne
|
| adessive
|
onkalollanne
|
onkaloillanne
|
| ablative
|
onkaloltanne
|
onkaloiltanne
|
| allative
|
onkalollenne
|
onkaloillenne
|
| essive
|
onkalonanne
|
onkaloinanne
|
| translative
|
onkaloksenne
|
onkaloiksenne
|
| abessive
|
onkalottanne
|
onkaloittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
onkaloinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
onkalonsa
|
onkalonsa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
onkalonsa
|
onkalonsa
|
| gen.
|
onkalonsa
|
| genitive
|
onkalonsa
|
onkalojensa
onkaloidensa
onkaloittensa
|
| partitive
|
onkaloaan
onkaloansa
|
onkalojaan
onkaloitaan
onkalojansa
onkaloitansa
|
| inessive
|
onkalossaan
onkalossansa
|
onkaloissaan
onkaloissansa
|
| elative
|
onkalostaan
onkalostansa
|
onkaloistaan
onkaloistansa
|
| illative
|
onkaloonsa
|
onkaloihinsa
|
| adessive
|
onkalollaan
onkalollansa
|
onkaloillaan
onkaloillansa
|
| ablative
|
onkaloltaan
onkaloltansa
|
onkaloiltaan
onkaloiltansa
|
| allative
|
onkalolleen
onkalollensa
|
onkaloilleen
onkaloillensa
|
| essive
|
onkalonaan
onkalonansa
|
onkaloinaan
onkaloinansa
|
| translative
|
onkalokseen
onkaloksensa
|
onkaloikseen
onkaloiksensa
|
| abessive
|
onkalottaan
onkalottansa
|
onkaloittaan
onkaloittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
onkaloineen
onkaloinensa
|
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.
- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*onkë→”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
Further reading