pûer

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *pʷer (“ancient”), from Proto-Tupian *pʷet (“ancient”).[1]

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní -re and Paraguayan Guaraní -kue.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpʷɛɾ]
  • Rhymes: -ɛɾ
  • Hyphenation: pûer

Adjective

pûer (noun form pûera)

  1. old; ancient (having existed for a long period of time)
    ybyrapûera ― old tree
    • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Outra” (chapter XXVIII), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], page 29, column 1, lines 45–48; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 67:
      Derecocatupota / aroirô xerecopoera / Iporangatu derera / Ejori xerauçuba.
      [Nde rekokatu potá / aroŷrõ xe rekopûera / I porãngatu nde rera / Eîori xe raûsubá.]
      I want your virtue, I hate my old culture. Your name is so beautiful. Come pity me.
  2. ex; former; then (previously but no longer)
  3. obsolete
  4. extinct
  5. finished

Declension

    Declension of pûer (consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative momûer
Deadjectivals
-ba'e i pûeryba'e
-sab(a) pûesaba / pûeraba
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative xe pûer nde pûer i pûer oré pûer îandé pûer pe pûer
Imperative
Permissive ta xe pûer ta nde pûer t'i pûer t'oré pûer t'îandé pûer ta pe pûer
Negative indicative na xe pûeri na nde pûeri n'i pûeri n'oré pûeri n'îandé pûeri na pe pûeri
Negative imperative nde pûer umẽ pe pûer umẽ
Negative permissive ta xe pûer umẽ ta nde pûer umẽ t'i pûer umẽ t'oré pûer umẽ t'îandé pûer umẽ ta pe pûer umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative xe pûeramo nde pûeramo o pûeramo oré pûeramo îandé pûeramo pe pûeramo
Negative xe pûere'ymamo nde pûere'ymamo o pûere'ymamo oré pûere'ymamo îandé pûere'ymamo pe pûere'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative pûera
Negative pûere'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative same as gerund1
xe pûeri2 i pûeri2 oré pûeri2 îandé pûeri2
Negative same as gerund1
xe pûere'ymi2 i pûere'ymi2 oré pûere'ymi2 îandé pûere'ymi2
1South Tupi
2North Tupi

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • -pûer
  • -pûeram
  • pûeram
  • -rambûer
  • rambûer

Descendants

  • Nheengatu: kwera

References

  1. ^ Beatriz Carretta Corrêa da Silva (2010) Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 411
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