perjantai
Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from North Germanic, probably Old Swedish frē(i)adagher, frīadagher;[1][2] ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag.
Details
Since Finnish historically lacks f and initial consonant clusters (such as fr), the word was adapted to fit the language's phonological rules, with f- becoming p- and an insertion of an epenthetic vowel pr- > per- to prevent an initial consonant cluster followed by haplology or dropping of the unstressed vowel pere- > per-, or alternatively a metathesis pre- > per-. For the -antai ending, compare maanantai (“Monday”) and sunnuntai (“Sunday”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈperjɑntɑi̯/, [ˈpe̞rjɑ̝n̪t̪ɑ̝i̯]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -erjɑntɑi
- Syllabification(key): per‧jan‧tai
- Hyphenation(key): per‧jan‧tai
Noun
| pe | Previous: | torstai |
|---|---|---|
| Next: | lauantai |
perjantai
- Friday (day of the week; the fifth day of the week in Finland and in the ISO 8601 standard)
Usage notes
As with all days of the week in Finnish, the essive case (perjantaina) is usually used when talking about what will happen or happened on a Friday.
Declension
| Inflection of perjantai (Kotus type 18/maa, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | perjantai | perjantait | |
| genitive | perjantain | perjantaiden perjantaitten | |
| partitive | perjantaita | perjantaita | |
| illative | perjantaihin | perjantaihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | perjantai | perjantait | |
| accusative | nom. | perjantai | perjantait |
| gen. | perjantain | ||
| genitive | perjantain | perjantaiden perjantaitten | |
| partitive | perjantaita | perjantaita | |
| inessive | perjantaissa | perjantaissa | |
| elative | perjantaista | perjantaista | |
| illative | perjantaihin | perjantaihin | |
| adessive | perjantailla | perjantailla | |
| ablative | perjantailta | perjantailta | |
| allative | perjantaille | perjantaille | |
| essive | perjantaina | perjantaina | |
| translative | perjantaiksi | perjantaiksi | |
| abessive | perjantaitta | perjantaitta | |
| instructive | — | perjantain | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of perjantai (Kotus type 18/maa, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
compounds
See also
- (abbreviation) pe
- days of the week: viikonpäivä (appendix): maanantai · tiistai · keskiviikko · torstai · perjantai · lauantai · sunnuntai [edit]
References
- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
- “perjantai”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023