pertahanan sipil

Indonesian

Etymology

Compound of pertahanan (“defense”) +‎ sipil (“civil”), calque of English civil defense.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pərtaˈhanan ˈsipɪl/

Noun

pertahanan sipil (uncountable)

  1. civil defense (US), civil defence (British), efforts to protect the citizens of a state from military attack
    Synonym: pertahanan awam (Standard Malay)

Usage notes

The term was replaced pertahanan rakyat as changing nature of Indonesian diplomacy with less active threat. The replacing term, perlindungan masyarakat, was introduced gradually as the main focus shift from defense issue to civilian order and completed in 2014.

Alternative forms

Further reading

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