phahla
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-phahla
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuphahla | ukungaphahli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | phahla | -phahle | ||||
| plural | phahlani | -phahleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphahla, ngiphahla | engiphahlayo, engiphahla | ngiphahla | angiphahli | engingaphahli | ngingaphahli |
| 2nd singular | uyaphahla, uphahla | ophahlayo, ophahla | uphahla | awuphahli | ongaphahli | ungaphahli |
| 1st plural | siyaphahla, siphahla | esiphahlayo, esiphahla | siphahla | asiphahli | esingaphahli | singaphahli |
| 2nd plural | niyaphahla, niphahla | eniphahlayo, eniphahla | niphahla | aniphahli | eningaphahli | ningaphahli |
| class 1 | uyaphahla, uphahla | ophahlayo, ophahla | ephahla | akaphahli | ongaphahli | engaphahli |
| class 2 | bayaphahla, baphahla | abaphahlayo, abaphahla | bephahla | abaphahli | abangaphahli | bengaphahli |
| class 3 | uyaphahla, uphahla | ophahlayo, ophahla | uphahla | awuphahli | ongaphahli | ungaphahli |
| class 4 | iyaphahla, iphahla | ephahlayo, ephahla | iphahla | ayiphahli | engaphahli | ingaphahli |
| class 5 | liyaphahla, liphahla | eliphahlayo, eliphahla | liphahla | aliphahli | elingaphahli | lingaphahli |
| class 6 | ayaphahla, aphahla | aphahlayo, aphahla | ephahla | awaphahli | angaphahli | engaphahli |
| class 7 | siyaphahla, siphahla | esiphahlayo, esiphahla | siphahla | asiphahli | esingaphahli | singaphahli |
| class 8 | ziyaphahla, ziphahla | eziphahlayo, eziphahla | ziphahla | aziphahli | ezingaphahli | zingaphahli |
| class 9 | iyaphahla, iphahla | ephahlayo, ephahla | iphahla | ayiphahli | engaphahli | ingaphahli |
| class 10 | ziyaphahla, ziphahla | eziphahlayo, eziphahla | ziphahla | aziphahli | ezingaphahli | zingaphahli |
| class 11 | luyaphahla, luphahla | oluphahlayo, oluphahla | luphahla | aluphahli | olungaphahli | lungaphahli |
| class 14 | buyaphahla, buphahla | obuphahlayo, obuphahla | buphahla | abuphahli | obungaphahli | bungaphahli |
| class 15 | kuyaphahla, kuphahla | okuphahlayo, okuphahla | kuphahla | akuphahli | okungaphahli | kungaphahli |
| class 17 | kuyaphahla, kuphahla | okuphahlayo, okuphahla | kuphahla | akuphahli | okungaphahli | kungaphahli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiphahlile, ngiphahlē | engiphahlile, engiphahlē | ngiphahlile, ngiphahlē | angiphahlanga | engingaphahlanga | ngingaphahlanga |
| 2nd singular | uphahlile, uphahlē | ophahlile, ophahlē | uphahlile, uphahlē | awuphahlanga | ongaphahlanga | ungaphahlanga |
| 1st plural | siphahlile, siphahlē | esiphahlile, esiphahlē | siphahlile, siphahlē | asiphahlanga | esingaphahlanga | singaphahlanga |
| 2nd plural | niphahlile, niphahlē | eniphahlile, eniphahlē | niphahlile, niphahlē | aniphahlanga | eningaphahlanga | ningaphahlanga |
| class 1 | uphahlile, uphahlē | ophahlile, ophahlē | ephahlile, ephahlē | akaphahlanga | ongaphahlanga | engaphahlanga |
| class 2 | baphahlile, baphahlē | abaphahlile, abaphahlē | bephahlile, bephahlē | abaphahlanga | abangaphahlanga | bengaphahlanga |
| class 3 | uphahlile, uphahlē | ophahlile, ophahlē | uphahlile, uphahlē | awuphahlanga | ongaphahlanga | ungaphahlanga |
| class 4 | iphahlile, iphahlē | ephahlile, ephahlē | iphahlile, iphahlē | ayiphahlanga | engaphahlanga | ingaphahlanga |
| class 5 | liphahlile, liphahlē | eliphahlile, eliphahlē | liphahlile, liphahlē | aliphahlanga | elingaphahlanga | lingaphahlanga |
| class 6 | aphahlile, aphahlē | aphahlile, aphahlē | ephahlile, ephahlē | awaphahlanga | angaphahlanga | engaphahlanga |
| class 7 | siphahlile, siphahlē | esiphahlile, esiphahlē | siphahlile, siphahlē | asiphahlanga | esingaphahlanga | singaphahlanga |
| class 8 | ziphahlile, ziphahlē | eziphahlile, eziphahlē | ziphahlile, ziphahlē | aziphahlanga | ezingaphahlanga | zingaphahlanga |
| class 9 | iphahlile, iphahlē | ephahlile, ephahlē | iphahlile, iphahlē | ayiphahlanga | engaphahlanga | ingaphahlanga |
| class 10 | ziphahlile, ziphahlē | eziphahlile, eziphahlē | ziphahlile, ziphahlē | aziphahlanga | ezingaphahlanga | zingaphahlanga |
| class 11 | luphahlile, luphahlē | oluphahlile, oluphahlē | luphahlile, luphahlē | aluphahlanga | olungaphahlanga | lungaphahlanga |
| class 14 | buphahlile, buphahlē | obuphahlile, obuphahlē | buphahlile, buphahlē | abuphahlanga | obungaphahlanga | bungaphahlanga |
| class 15 | kuphahlile, kuphahlē | okuphahlile, okuphahlē | kuphahlile, kuphahlē | akuphahlanga | okungaphahlanga | kungaphahlanga |
| class 17 | kuphahlile, kuphahlē | okuphahlile, okuphahlē | kuphahlile, kuphahlē | akuphahlanga | okungaphahlanga | kungaphahlanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāphahla | engāphahla | ngāphahla | angiphahlanga | engingaphahlanga | ngingaphahlanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphahla | owāphahla | wāphahla | awuphahlanga | ongaphahlanga | ungaphahlanga |
| 1st plural | sāphahla | esāphahla | sāphahla | asiphahlanga | esingaphahlanga | singaphahlanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphahla | enāphahla | nāphahla | aniphahlanga | eningaphahlanga | ningaphahlanga |
| class 1 | wāphahla | owāphahla | āphahla | akaphahlanga | ongaphahlanga | engaphahlanga |
| class 2 | bāphahla | abāphahla | bāphahla | abaphahlanga | abangaphahlanga | bengaphahlanga |
| class 3 | wāphahla | owāphahla | wāphahla | awuphahlanga | ongaphahlanga | ungaphahlanga |
| class 4 | yāphahla | eyāphahla | yāphahla | ayiphahlanga | engaphahlanga | ingaphahlanga |
| class 5 | lāphahla | elāphahla | lāphahla | aliphahlanga | elingaphahlanga | lingaphahlanga |
| class 6 | āphahla | āphahla | āphahla | awaphahlanga | angaphahlanga | engaphahlanga |
| class 7 | sāphahla | esāphahla | sāphahla | asiphahlanga | esingaphahlanga | singaphahlanga |
| class 8 | zāphahla | ezāphahla | zāphahla | aziphahlanga | ezingaphahlanga | zingaphahlanga |
| class 9 | yāphahla | eyāphahla | yāphahla | ayiphahlanga | engaphahlanga | ingaphahlanga |
| class 10 | zāphahla | ezāphahla | zāphahla | aziphahlanga | ezingaphahlanga | zingaphahlanga |
| class 11 | lwāphahla | olwāphahla | lwāphahla | aluphahlanga | olungaphahlanga | lungaphahlanga |
| class 14 | bāphahla | obāphahla | bāphahla | abuphahlanga | obungaphahlanga | bungaphahlanga |
| class 15 | kwāphahla | okwāphahla | kwāphahla | akuphahlanga | okungaphahlanga | kungaphahlanga |
| class 17 | kwāphahla | okwāphahla | kwāphahla | akuphahlanga | okungaphahlanga | kungaphahlanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingaphahla | — | ngingaphahla | ngingephahle | — | ngingephahle |
| 2nd singular | ungaphahla | — | ungaphahla | ungephahle | — | ungephahle |
| 1st plural | singaphahla | — | singaphahla | singephahle | — | singephahle |
| 2nd plural | ningaphahla | — | ningaphahla | ningephahle | — | ningephahle |
| class 1 | angaphahla | — | engaphahla | angephahle | — | engephahle |
| class 2 | bangaphahla | — | bengaphahla | bangephahle | — | bengephahle |
| class 3 | ungaphahla | — | ungaphahla | ungephahle | — | ungephahle |
| class 4 | ingaphahla | — | ingaphahla | ingephahle | — | ingephahle |
| class 5 | lingaphahla | — | lingaphahla | lingephahle | — | lingephahle |
| class 6 | angaphahla | — | engaphahla | angephahle | — | engephahle |
| class 7 | singaphahla | — | singaphahla | singephahle | — | singephahle |
| class 8 | zingaphahla | — | zingaphahla | zingephahle | — | zingephahle |
| class 9 | ingaphahla | — | ingaphahla | ingephahle | — | ingephahle |
| class 10 | zingaphahla | — | zingaphahla | zingephahle | — | zingephahle |
| class 11 | lungaphahla | — | lungaphahla | lungephahle | — | lungephahle |
| class 14 | bungaphahla | — | bungaphahla | bungephahle | — | bungephahle |
| class 15 | kungaphahla | — | kungaphahla | kungephahle | — | kungephahle |
| class 17 | kungaphahla | — | kungaphahla | kungephahle | — | kungephahle |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizophahla | engizophahla | ngizophahla | angizuphahla | engingezuphahla | ngingezuphahla |
| 2nd singular | uzophahla | ozophahla | uzophahla | awuzuphahla | ongezuphahla | ungezuphahla |
| 1st plural | sizophahla | esizophahla | sizophahla | asizuphahla | esingezuphahla | singezuphahla |
| 2nd plural | nizophahla | enizophahla | nizophahla | anizuphahla | eningezuphahla | ningezuphahla |
| class 1 | uzophahla | ozophahla | ezophahla | akazuphahla | ongezuphahla | engezuphahla |
| class 2 | bazophahla | abazophahla | bezophahla | abazuphahla | abangezuphahla | bengezuphahla |
| class 3 | uzophahla | ozophahla | uzophahla | awuzuphahla | ongezuphahla | ungezuphahla |
| class 4 | izophahla | ezophahla | izophahla | ayizuphahla | engezuphahla | ingezuphahla |
| class 5 | lizophahla | elizophahla | lizophahla | alizuphahla | elingezuphahla | lingezuphahla |
| class 6 | azophahla | azophahla | ezophahla | awazuphahla | angezuphahla | engezuphahla |
| class 7 | sizophahla | esizophahla | sizophahla | asizuphahla | esingezuphahla | singezuphahla |
| class 8 | zizophahla | ezizophahla | zizophahla | azizuphahla | ezingezuphahla | zingezuphahla |
| class 9 | izophahla | ezophahla | izophahla | ayizuphahla | engezuphahla | ingezuphahla |
| class 10 | zizophahla | ezizophahla | zizophahla | azizuphahla | ezingezuphahla | zingezuphahla |
| class 11 | luzophahla | oluzophahla | luzophahla | aluzuphahla | olungezuphahla | lungezuphahla |
| class 14 | buzophahla | obuzophahla | buzophahla | abuzuphahla | obungezuphahla | bungezuphahla |
| class 15 | kuzophahla | okuzophahla | kuzophahla | akuzuphahla | okungezuphahla | kungezuphahla |
| class 17 | kuzophahla | okuzophahla | kuzophahla | akuzuphahla | okungezuphahla | kungezuphahla |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyophahla | engiyophahla | ngiyophahla | angiyuphahla | engingeyuphahla | ngingeyuphahla |
| 2nd singular | uyophahla | oyophahla | uyophahla | awuyuphahla | ongeyuphahla | ungeyuphahla |
| 1st plural | siyophahla | esiyophahla | siyophahla | asiyuphahla | esingeyuphahla | singeyuphahla |
| 2nd plural | niyophahla | eniyophahla | niyophahla | aniyuphahla | eningeyuphahla | ningeyuphahla |
| class 1 | uyophahla | oyophahla | eyophahla | akayuphahla | ongeyuphahla | engeyuphahla |
| class 2 | bayophahla | abayophahla | beyophahla | abayuphahla | abangeyuphahla | bengeyuphahla |
| class 3 | uyophahla | oyophahla | uyophahla | awuyuphahla | ongeyuphahla | ungeyuphahla |
| class 4 | iyophahla | eyophahla | iyophahla | ayiyuphahla | engeyuphahla | ingeyuphahla |
| class 5 | liyophahla | eliyophahla | liyophahla | aliyuphahla | elingeyuphahla | lingeyuphahla |
| class 6 | ayophahla | ayophahla | eyophahla | awayuphahla | angeyuphahla | engeyuphahla |
| class 7 | siyophahla | esiyophahla | siyophahla | asiyuphahla | esingeyuphahla | singeyuphahla |
| class 8 | ziyophahla | eziyophahla | ziyophahla | aziyuphahla | ezingeyuphahla | zingeyuphahla |
| class 9 | iyophahla | eyophahla | iyophahla | ayiyuphahla | engeyuphahla | ingeyuphahla |
| class 10 | ziyophahla | eziyophahla | ziyophahla | aziyuphahla | ezingeyuphahla | zingeyuphahla |
| class 11 | luyophahla | oluyophahla | luyophahla | aluyuphahla | olungeyuphahla | lungeyuphahla |
| class 14 | buyophahla | obuyophahla | buyophahla | abuyuphahla | obungeyuphahla | bungeyuphahla |
| class 15 | kuyophahla | okuyophahla | kuyophahla | akuyuphahla | okungeyuphahla | kungeyuphahla |
| class 17 | kuyophahla | okuyophahla | kuyophahla | akuyuphahla | okungeyuphahla | kungeyuphahla |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngiphahle | ngingaphahli | ||||
| 2nd singular | uphahle | ungaphahli | ||||
| 1st plural | siphahle | singaphahli | ||||
| 2nd plural | niphahle | ningaphahli | ||||
| class 1 | aphahle | angaphahli | ||||
| class 2 | baphahle | bangaphahli | ||||
| class 3 | uphahle | ungaphahli | ||||
| class 4 | iphahle | ingaphahli | ||||
| class 5 | liphahle | lingaphahli | ||||
| class 6 | aphahle | angaphahli | ||||
| class 7 | siphahle | singaphahli | ||||
| class 8 | ziphahle | zingaphahli | ||||
| class 9 | iphahle | ingaphahli | ||||
| class 10 | ziphahle | zingaphahli | ||||
| class 11 | luphahle | lungaphahli | ||||
| class 14 | buphahle | bungaphahli | ||||
| class 15 | kuphahle | kungaphahli | ||||
| class 17 | kuphahle | kungaphahli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngaphahla | ngangaphahla, angaphahla, angangaphahla | ||||
| 2nd singular | waphahla | wangaphahla, awaphahla, awangaphahla | ||||
| 1st plural | saphahla | sangaphahla, asaphahla, asangaphahla | ||||
| 2nd plural | naphahla | nangaphahla, anaphahla, anangaphahla | ||||
| class 1 | waphahla | wangaphahla, akaphahla, akangaphahla | ||||
| class 2 | baphahla | bangaphahla, abaphahla, abangaphahla | ||||
| class 3 | waphahla | wangaphahla, awaphahla, awangaphahla | ||||
| class 4 | yaphahla | yangaphahla, ayaphahla, ayangaphahla | ||||
| class 5 | laphahla | langaphahla, alaphahla, alangaphahla | ||||
| class 6 | aphahla | angaphahla, awaphahla, awangaphahla | ||||
| class 7 | saphahla | sangaphahla, asaphahla, asangaphahla | ||||
| class 8 | zaphahla | zangaphahla, azaphahla, azangaphahla | ||||
| class 9 | yaphahla | yangaphahla, ayaphahla, ayangaphahla | ||||
| class 10 | zaphahla | zangaphahla, azaphahla, azangaphahla | ||||
| class 11 | lwaphahla | lwangaphahla, alwaphahla, alwangaphahla | ||||
| class 14 | baphahla | bangaphahla, abaphahla, abangaphahla | ||||
| class 15 | kwaphahla | kwangaphahla, akwaphahla, akwangaphahla | ||||
| class 17 | kwaphahla | kwangaphahla, akwaphahla, akwangaphahla | ||||
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phahla”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phahla (6.3)”