phawula
Xhosa
Verb
-phawula?
- (transitive) to mark
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-phawula?
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuphawula | ukungaphawuli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | phawula | -phawule | ||||
| plural | phawulani | -phawuleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphawula, ngiphawula | engiphawulayo, engiphawula | ngiphawula | angiphawuli | engingaphawuli | ngingaphawuli |
| 2nd singular | uyaphawula, uphawula | ophawulayo, ophawula | uphawula | awuphawuli | ongaphawuli | ungaphawuli |
| 1st plural | siyaphawula, siphawula | esiphawulayo, esiphawula | siphawula | asiphawuli | esingaphawuli | singaphawuli |
| 2nd plural | niyaphawula, niphawula | eniphawulayo, eniphawula | niphawula | aniphawuli | eningaphawuli | ningaphawuli |
| class 1 | uyaphawula, uphawula | ophawulayo, ophawula | ephawula | akaphawuli | ongaphawuli | engaphawuli |
| class 2 | bayaphawula, baphawula | abaphawulayo, abaphawula | bephawula | abaphawuli | abangaphawuli | bengaphawuli |
| class 3 | uyaphawula, uphawula | ophawulayo, ophawula | uphawula | awuphawuli | ongaphawuli | ungaphawuli |
| class 4 | iyaphawula, iphawula | ephawulayo, ephawula | iphawula | ayiphawuli | engaphawuli | ingaphawuli |
| class 5 | liyaphawula, liphawula | eliphawulayo, eliphawula | liphawula | aliphawuli | elingaphawuli | lingaphawuli |
| class 6 | ayaphawula, aphawula | aphawulayo, aphawula | ephawula | awaphawuli | angaphawuli | engaphawuli |
| class 7 | siyaphawula, siphawula | esiphawulayo, esiphawula | siphawula | asiphawuli | esingaphawuli | singaphawuli |
| class 8 | ziyaphawula, ziphawula | eziphawulayo, eziphawula | ziphawula | aziphawuli | ezingaphawuli | zingaphawuli |
| class 9 | iyaphawula, iphawula | ephawulayo, ephawula | iphawula | ayiphawuli | engaphawuli | ingaphawuli |
| class 10 | ziyaphawula, ziphawula | eziphawulayo, eziphawula | ziphawula | aziphawuli | ezingaphawuli | zingaphawuli |
| class 11 | luyaphawula, luphawula | oluphawulayo, oluphawula | luphawula | aluphawuli | olungaphawuli | lungaphawuli |
| class 14 | buyaphawula, buphawula | obuphawulayo, obuphawula | buphawula | abuphawuli | obungaphawuli | bungaphawuli |
| class 15 | kuyaphawula, kuphawula | okuphawulayo, okuphawula | kuphawula | akuphawuli | okungaphawuli | kungaphawuli |
| class 17 | kuyaphawula, kuphawula | okuphawulayo, okuphawula | kuphawula | akuphawuli | okungaphawuli | kungaphawuli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiphawulile, ngiphawulē | engiphawulile, engiphawulē | ngiphawulile, ngiphawulē | angiphawulanga | engingaphawulanga | ngingaphawulanga |
| 2nd singular | uphawulile, uphawulē | ophawulile, ophawulē | uphawulile, uphawulē | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| 1st plural | siphawulile, siphawulē | esiphawulile, esiphawulē | siphawulile, siphawulē | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| 2nd plural | niphawulile, niphawulē | eniphawulile, eniphawulē | niphawulile, niphawulē | aniphawulanga | eningaphawulanga | ningaphawulanga |
| class 1 | uphawulile, uphawulē | ophawulile, ophawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | akaphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| class 2 | baphawulile, baphawulē | abaphawulile, abaphawulē | bephawulile, bephawulē | abaphawulanga | abangaphawulanga | bengaphawulanga |
| class 3 | uphawulile, uphawulē | ophawulile, ophawulē | uphawulile, uphawulē | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| class 4 | iphawulile, iphawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | iphawulile, iphawulē | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| class 5 | liphawulile, liphawulē | eliphawulile, eliphawulē | liphawulile, liphawulē | aliphawulanga | elingaphawulanga | lingaphawulanga |
| class 6 | aphawulile, aphawulē | aphawulile, aphawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | awaphawulanga | angaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| class 7 | siphawulile, siphawulē | esiphawulile, esiphawulē | siphawulile, siphawulē | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| class 8 | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | eziphawulile, eziphawulē | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| class 9 | iphawulile, iphawulē | ephawulile, ephawulē | iphawulile, iphawulē | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| class 10 | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | eziphawulile, eziphawulē | ziphawulile, ziphawulē | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| class 11 | luphawulile, luphawulē | oluphawulile, oluphawulē | luphawulile, luphawulē | aluphawulanga | olungaphawulanga | lungaphawulanga |
| class 14 | buphawulile, buphawulē | obuphawulile, obuphawulē | buphawulile, buphawulē | abuphawulanga | obungaphawulanga | bungaphawulanga |
| class 15 | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | okuphawulile, okuphawulē | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| class 17 | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | okuphawulile, okuphawulē | kuphawulile, kuphawulē | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāphawula | engāphawula | ngāphawula | angiphawulanga | engingaphawulanga | ngingaphawulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphawula | owāphawula | wāphawula | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| 1st plural | sāphawula | esāphawula | sāphawula | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphawula | enāphawula | nāphawula | aniphawulanga | eningaphawulanga | ningaphawulanga |
| class 1 | wāphawula | owāphawula | āphawula | akaphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| class 2 | bāphawula | abāphawula | bāphawula | abaphawulanga | abangaphawulanga | bengaphawulanga |
| class 3 | wāphawula | owāphawula | wāphawula | awuphawulanga | ongaphawulanga | ungaphawulanga |
| class 4 | yāphawula | eyāphawula | yāphawula | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| class 5 | lāphawula | elāphawula | lāphawula | aliphawulanga | elingaphawulanga | lingaphawulanga |
| class 6 | āphawula | āphawula | āphawula | awaphawulanga | angaphawulanga | engaphawulanga |
| class 7 | sāphawula | esāphawula | sāphawula | asiphawulanga | esingaphawulanga | singaphawulanga |
| class 8 | zāphawula | ezāphawula | zāphawula | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| class 9 | yāphawula | eyāphawula | yāphawula | ayiphawulanga | engaphawulanga | ingaphawulanga |
| class 10 | zāphawula | ezāphawula | zāphawula | aziphawulanga | ezingaphawulanga | zingaphawulanga |
| class 11 | lwāphawula | olwāphawula | lwāphawula | aluphawulanga | olungaphawulanga | lungaphawulanga |
| class 14 | bāphawula | obāphawula | bāphawula | abuphawulanga | obungaphawulanga | bungaphawulanga |
| class 15 | kwāphawula | okwāphawula | kwāphawula | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| class 17 | kwāphawula | okwāphawula | kwāphawula | akuphawulanga | okungaphawulanga | kungaphawulanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingaphawula | — | ngingaphawula | ngingephawule | — | ngingephawule |
| 2nd singular | ungaphawula | — | ungaphawula | ungephawule | — | ungephawule |
| 1st plural | singaphawula | — | singaphawula | singephawule | — | singephawule |
| 2nd plural | ningaphawula | — | ningaphawula | ningephawule | — | ningephawule |
| class 1 | angaphawula | — | engaphawula | angephawule | — | engephawule |
| class 2 | bangaphawula | — | bengaphawula | bangephawule | — | bengephawule |
| class 3 | ungaphawula | — | ungaphawula | ungephawule | — | ungephawule |
| class 4 | ingaphawula | — | ingaphawula | ingephawule | — | ingephawule |
| class 5 | lingaphawula | — | lingaphawula | lingephawule | — | lingephawule |
| class 6 | angaphawula | — | engaphawula | angephawule | — | engephawule |
| class 7 | singaphawula | — | singaphawula | singephawule | — | singephawule |
| class 8 | zingaphawula | — | zingaphawula | zingephawule | — | zingephawule |
| class 9 | ingaphawula | — | ingaphawula | ingephawule | — | ingephawule |
| class 10 | zingaphawula | — | zingaphawula | zingephawule | — | zingephawule |
| class 11 | lungaphawula | — | lungaphawula | lungephawule | — | lungephawule |
| class 14 | bungaphawula | — | bungaphawula | bungephawule | — | bungephawule |
| class 15 | kungaphawula | — | kungaphawula | kungephawule | — | kungephawule |
| class 17 | kungaphawula | — | kungaphawula | kungephawule | — | kungephawule |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizophawula | engizophawula | ngizophawula | angizuphawula | engingezuphawula | ngingezuphawula |
| 2nd singular | uzophawula | ozophawula | uzophawula | awuzuphawula | ongezuphawula | ungezuphawula |
| 1st plural | sizophawula | esizophawula | sizophawula | asizuphawula | esingezuphawula | singezuphawula |
| 2nd plural | nizophawula | enizophawula | nizophawula | anizuphawula | eningezuphawula | ningezuphawula |
| class 1 | uzophawula | ozophawula | ezophawula | akazuphawula | ongezuphawula | engezuphawula |
| class 2 | bazophawula | abazophawula | bezophawula | abazuphawula | abangezuphawula | bengezuphawula |
| class 3 | uzophawula | ozophawula | uzophawula | awuzuphawula | ongezuphawula | ungezuphawula |
| class 4 | izophawula | ezophawula | izophawula | ayizuphawula | engezuphawula | ingezuphawula |
| class 5 | lizophawula | elizophawula | lizophawula | alizuphawula | elingezuphawula | lingezuphawula |
| class 6 | azophawula | azophawula | ezophawula | awazuphawula | angezuphawula | engezuphawula |
| class 7 | sizophawula | esizophawula | sizophawula | asizuphawula | esingezuphawula | singezuphawula |
| class 8 | zizophawula | ezizophawula | zizophawula | azizuphawula | ezingezuphawula | zingezuphawula |
| class 9 | izophawula | ezophawula | izophawula | ayizuphawula | engezuphawula | ingezuphawula |
| class 10 | zizophawula | ezizophawula | zizophawula | azizuphawula | ezingezuphawula | zingezuphawula |
| class 11 | luzophawula | oluzophawula | luzophawula | aluzuphawula | olungezuphawula | lungezuphawula |
| class 14 | buzophawula | obuzophawula | buzophawula | abuzuphawula | obungezuphawula | bungezuphawula |
| class 15 | kuzophawula | okuzophawula | kuzophawula | akuzuphawula | okungezuphawula | kungezuphawula |
| class 17 | kuzophawula | okuzophawula | kuzophawula | akuzuphawula | okungezuphawula | kungezuphawula |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyophawula | engiyophawula | ngiyophawula | angiyuphawula | engingeyuphawula | ngingeyuphawula |
| 2nd singular | uyophawula | oyophawula | uyophawula | awuyuphawula | ongeyuphawula | ungeyuphawula |
| 1st plural | siyophawula | esiyophawula | siyophawula | asiyuphawula | esingeyuphawula | singeyuphawula |
| 2nd plural | niyophawula | eniyophawula | niyophawula | aniyuphawula | eningeyuphawula | ningeyuphawula |
| class 1 | uyophawula | oyophawula | eyophawula | akayuphawula | ongeyuphawula | engeyuphawula |
| class 2 | bayophawula | abayophawula | beyophawula | abayuphawula | abangeyuphawula | bengeyuphawula |
| class 3 | uyophawula | oyophawula | uyophawula | awuyuphawula | ongeyuphawula | ungeyuphawula |
| class 4 | iyophawula | eyophawula | iyophawula | ayiyuphawula | engeyuphawula | ingeyuphawula |
| class 5 | liyophawula | eliyophawula | liyophawula | aliyuphawula | elingeyuphawula | lingeyuphawula |
| class 6 | ayophawula | ayophawula | eyophawula | awayuphawula | angeyuphawula | engeyuphawula |
| class 7 | siyophawula | esiyophawula | siyophawula | asiyuphawula | esingeyuphawula | singeyuphawula |
| class 8 | ziyophawula | eziyophawula | ziyophawula | aziyuphawula | ezingeyuphawula | zingeyuphawula |
| class 9 | iyophawula | eyophawula | iyophawula | ayiyuphawula | engeyuphawula | ingeyuphawula |
| class 10 | ziyophawula | eziyophawula | ziyophawula | aziyuphawula | ezingeyuphawula | zingeyuphawula |
| class 11 | luyophawula | oluyophawula | luyophawula | aluyuphawula | olungeyuphawula | lungeyuphawula |
| class 14 | buyophawula | obuyophawula | buyophawula | abuyuphawula | obungeyuphawula | bungeyuphawula |
| class 15 | kuyophawula | okuyophawula | kuyophawula | akuyuphawula | okungeyuphawula | kungeyuphawula |
| class 17 | kuyophawula | okuyophawula | kuyophawula | akuyuphawula | okungeyuphawula | kungeyuphawula |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngiphawule | ngingaphawuli | ||||
| 2nd singular | uphawule | ungaphawuli | ||||
| 1st plural | siphawule | singaphawuli | ||||
| 2nd plural | niphawule | ningaphawuli | ||||
| class 1 | aphawule | angaphawuli | ||||
| class 2 | baphawule | bangaphawuli | ||||
| class 3 | uphawule | ungaphawuli | ||||
| class 4 | iphawule | ingaphawuli | ||||
| class 5 | liphawule | lingaphawuli | ||||
| class 6 | aphawule | angaphawuli | ||||
| class 7 | siphawule | singaphawuli | ||||
| class 8 | ziphawule | zingaphawuli | ||||
| class 9 | iphawule | ingaphawuli | ||||
| class 10 | ziphawule | zingaphawuli | ||||
| class 11 | luphawule | lungaphawuli | ||||
| class 14 | buphawule | bungaphawuli | ||||
| class 15 | kuphawule | kungaphawuli | ||||
| class 17 | kuphawule | kungaphawuli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngaphawula | ngangaphawula, angaphawula, angangaphawula | ||||
| 2nd singular | waphawula | wangaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula | ||||
| 1st plural | saphawula | sangaphawula, asaphawula, asangaphawula | ||||
| 2nd plural | naphawula | nangaphawula, anaphawula, anangaphawula | ||||
| class 1 | waphawula | wangaphawula, akaphawula, akangaphawula | ||||
| class 2 | baphawula | bangaphawula, abaphawula, abangaphawula | ||||
| class 3 | waphawula | wangaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula | ||||
| class 4 | yaphawula | yangaphawula, ayaphawula, ayangaphawula | ||||
| class 5 | laphawula | langaphawula, alaphawula, alangaphawula | ||||
| class 6 | aphawula | angaphawula, awaphawula, awangaphawula | ||||
| class 7 | saphawula | sangaphawula, asaphawula, asangaphawula | ||||
| class 8 | zaphawula | zangaphawula, azaphawula, azangaphawula | ||||
| class 9 | yaphawula | yangaphawula, ayaphawula, ayangaphawula | ||||
| class 10 | zaphawula | zangaphawula, azaphawula, azangaphawula | ||||
| class 11 | lwaphawula | lwangaphawula, alwaphawula, alwangaphawula | ||||
| class 14 | baphawula | bangaphawula, abaphawula, abangaphawula | ||||
| class 15 | kwaphawula | kwangaphawula, akwaphawula, akwangaphawula | ||||
| class 17 | kwaphawula | kwangaphawula, akwaphawula, akwangaphawula | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phawula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phawula (3.2.9)”