phepha
Xhosa
Verb
-phêpha
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-phepha
- (intransitive) to be safe
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuphepha | ukungaphephi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | phepha | -phephe | ||||
| plural | phephani | -phepheni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyaphepha, ngiphepha | engiphephayo, engiphepha | ngiphepha | angiphephi | engingaphephi | ngingaphephi |
| 2nd singular | uyaphepha, uphepha | ophephayo, ophepha | uphepha | awuphephi | ongaphephi | ungaphephi |
| 1st plural | siyaphepha, siphepha | esiphephayo, esiphepha | siphepha | asiphephi | esingaphephi | singaphephi |
| 2nd plural | niyaphepha, niphepha | eniphephayo, eniphepha | niphepha | aniphephi | eningaphephi | ningaphephi |
| class 1 | uyaphepha, uphepha | ophephayo, ophepha | ephepha | akaphephi | ongaphephi | engaphephi |
| class 2 | bayaphepha, baphepha | abaphephayo, abaphepha | bephepha | abaphephi | abangaphephi | bengaphephi |
| class 3 | uyaphepha, uphepha | ophephayo, ophepha | uphepha | awuphephi | ongaphephi | ungaphephi |
| class 4 | iyaphepha, iphepha | ephephayo, ephepha | iphepha | ayiphephi | engaphephi | ingaphephi |
| class 5 | liyaphepha, liphepha | eliphephayo, eliphepha | liphepha | aliphephi | elingaphephi | lingaphephi |
| class 6 | ayaphepha, aphepha | aphephayo, aphepha | ephepha | awaphephi | angaphephi | engaphephi |
| class 7 | siyaphepha, siphepha | esiphephayo, esiphepha | siphepha | asiphephi | esingaphephi | singaphephi |
| class 8 | ziyaphepha, ziphepha | eziphephayo, eziphepha | ziphepha | aziphephi | ezingaphephi | zingaphephi |
| class 9 | iyaphepha, iphepha | ephephayo, ephepha | iphepha | ayiphephi | engaphephi | ingaphephi |
| class 10 | ziyaphepha, ziphepha | eziphephayo, eziphepha | ziphepha | aziphephi | ezingaphephi | zingaphephi |
| class 11 | luyaphepha, luphepha | oluphephayo, oluphepha | luphepha | aluphephi | olungaphephi | lungaphephi |
| class 14 | buyaphepha, buphepha | obuphephayo, obuphepha | buphepha | abuphephi | obungaphephi | bungaphephi |
| class 15 | kuyaphepha, kuphepha | okuphephayo, okuphepha | kuphepha | akuphephi | okungaphephi | kungaphephi |
| class 17 | kuyaphepha, kuphepha | okuphephayo, okuphepha | kuphepha | akuphephi | okungaphephi | kungaphephi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiphephile, ngiphephē | engiphephile, engiphephē | ngiphephile, ngiphephē | angiphephanga | engingaphephanga | ngingaphephanga |
| 2nd singular | uphephile, uphephē | ophephile, ophephē | uphephile, uphephē | awuphephanga | ongaphephanga | ungaphephanga |
| 1st plural | siphephile, siphephē | esiphephile, esiphephē | siphephile, siphephē | asiphephanga | esingaphephanga | singaphephanga |
| 2nd plural | niphephile, niphephē | eniphephile, eniphephē | niphephile, niphephē | aniphephanga | eningaphephanga | ningaphephanga |
| class 1 | uphephile, uphephē | ophephile, ophephē | ephephile, ephephē | akaphephanga | ongaphephanga | engaphephanga |
| class 2 | baphephile, baphephē | abaphephile, abaphephē | bephephile, bephephē | abaphephanga | abangaphephanga | bengaphephanga |
| class 3 | uphephile, uphephē | ophephile, ophephē | uphephile, uphephē | awuphephanga | ongaphephanga | ungaphephanga |
| class 4 | iphephile, iphephē | ephephile, ephephē | iphephile, iphephē | ayiphephanga | engaphephanga | ingaphephanga |
| class 5 | liphephile, liphephē | eliphephile, eliphephē | liphephile, liphephē | aliphephanga | elingaphephanga | lingaphephanga |
| class 6 | aphephile, aphephē | aphephile, aphephē | ephephile, ephephē | awaphephanga | angaphephanga | engaphephanga |
| class 7 | siphephile, siphephē | esiphephile, esiphephē | siphephile, siphephē | asiphephanga | esingaphephanga | singaphephanga |
| class 8 | ziphephile, ziphephē | eziphephile, eziphephē | ziphephile, ziphephē | aziphephanga | ezingaphephanga | zingaphephanga |
| class 9 | iphephile, iphephē | ephephile, ephephē | iphephile, iphephē | ayiphephanga | engaphephanga | ingaphephanga |
| class 10 | ziphephile, ziphephē | eziphephile, eziphephē | ziphephile, ziphephē | aziphephanga | ezingaphephanga | zingaphephanga |
| class 11 | luphephile, luphephē | oluphephile, oluphephē | luphephile, luphephē | aluphephanga | olungaphephanga | lungaphephanga |
| class 14 | buphephile, buphephē | obuphephile, obuphephē | buphephile, buphephē | abuphephanga | obungaphephanga | bungaphephanga |
| class 15 | kuphephile, kuphephē | okuphephile, okuphephē | kuphephile, kuphephē | akuphephanga | okungaphephanga | kungaphephanga |
| class 17 | kuphephile, kuphephē | okuphephile, okuphephē | kuphephile, kuphephē | akuphephanga | okungaphephanga | kungaphephanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāphepha | engāphepha | ngāphepha | angiphephanga | engingaphephanga | ngingaphephanga |
| 2nd singular | wāphepha | owāphepha | wāphepha | awuphephanga | ongaphephanga | ungaphephanga |
| 1st plural | sāphepha | esāphepha | sāphepha | asiphephanga | esingaphephanga | singaphephanga |
| 2nd plural | nāphepha | enāphepha | nāphepha | aniphephanga | eningaphephanga | ningaphephanga |
| class 1 | wāphepha | owāphepha | āphepha | akaphephanga | ongaphephanga | engaphephanga |
| class 2 | bāphepha | abāphepha | bāphepha | abaphephanga | abangaphephanga | bengaphephanga |
| class 3 | wāphepha | owāphepha | wāphepha | awuphephanga | ongaphephanga | ungaphephanga |
| class 4 | yāphepha | eyāphepha | yāphepha | ayiphephanga | engaphephanga | ingaphephanga |
| class 5 | lāphepha | elāphepha | lāphepha | aliphephanga | elingaphephanga | lingaphephanga |
| class 6 | āphepha | āphepha | āphepha | awaphephanga | angaphephanga | engaphephanga |
| class 7 | sāphepha | esāphepha | sāphepha | asiphephanga | esingaphephanga | singaphephanga |
| class 8 | zāphepha | ezāphepha | zāphepha | aziphephanga | ezingaphephanga | zingaphephanga |
| class 9 | yāphepha | eyāphepha | yāphepha | ayiphephanga | engaphephanga | ingaphephanga |
| class 10 | zāphepha | ezāphepha | zāphepha | aziphephanga | ezingaphephanga | zingaphephanga |
| class 11 | lwāphepha | olwāphepha | lwāphepha | aluphephanga | olungaphephanga | lungaphephanga |
| class 14 | bāphepha | obāphepha | bāphepha | abuphephanga | obungaphephanga | bungaphephanga |
| class 15 | kwāphepha | okwāphepha | kwāphepha | akuphephanga | okungaphephanga | kungaphephanga |
| class 17 | kwāphepha | okwāphepha | kwāphepha | akuphephanga | okungaphephanga | kungaphephanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingaphepha | — | ngingaphepha | ngingephephe | — | ngingephephe |
| 2nd singular | ungaphepha | — | ungaphepha | ungephephe | — | ungephephe |
| 1st plural | singaphepha | — | singaphepha | singephephe | — | singephephe |
| 2nd plural | ningaphepha | — | ningaphepha | ningephephe | — | ningephephe |
| class 1 | angaphepha | — | engaphepha | angephephe | — | engephephe |
| class 2 | bangaphepha | — | bengaphepha | bangephephe | — | bengephephe |
| class 3 | ungaphepha | — | ungaphepha | ungephephe | — | ungephephe |
| class 4 | ingaphepha | — | ingaphepha | ingephephe | — | ingephephe |
| class 5 | lingaphepha | — | lingaphepha | lingephephe | — | lingephephe |
| class 6 | angaphepha | — | engaphepha | angephephe | — | engephephe |
| class 7 | singaphepha | — | singaphepha | singephephe | — | singephephe |
| class 8 | zingaphepha | — | zingaphepha | zingephephe | — | zingephephe |
| class 9 | ingaphepha | — | ingaphepha | ingephephe | — | ingephephe |
| class 10 | zingaphepha | — | zingaphepha | zingephephe | — | zingephephe |
| class 11 | lungaphepha | — | lungaphepha | lungephephe | — | lungephephe |
| class 14 | bungaphepha | — | bungaphepha | bungephephe | — | bungephephe |
| class 15 | kungaphepha | — | kungaphepha | kungephephe | — | kungephephe |
| class 17 | kungaphepha | — | kungaphepha | kungephephe | — | kungephephe |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizophepha | engizophepha | ngizophepha | angizuphepha | engingezuphepha | ngingezuphepha |
| 2nd singular | uzophepha | ozophepha | uzophepha | awuzuphepha | ongezuphepha | ungezuphepha |
| 1st plural | sizophepha | esizophepha | sizophepha | asizuphepha | esingezuphepha | singezuphepha |
| 2nd plural | nizophepha | enizophepha | nizophepha | anizuphepha | eningezuphepha | ningezuphepha |
| class 1 | uzophepha | ozophepha | ezophepha | akazuphepha | ongezuphepha | engezuphepha |
| class 2 | bazophepha | abazophepha | bezophepha | abazuphepha | abangezuphepha | bengezuphepha |
| class 3 | uzophepha | ozophepha | uzophepha | awuzuphepha | ongezuphepha | ungezuphepha |
| class 4 | izophepha | ezophepha | izophepha | ayizuphepha | engezuphepha | ingezuphepha |
| class 5 | lizophepha | elizophepha | lizophepha | alizuphepha | elingezuphepha | lingezuphepha |
| class 6 | azophepha | azophepha | ezophepha | awazuphepha | angezuphepha | engezuphepha |
| class 7 | sizophepha | esizophepha | sizophepha | asizuphepha | esingezuphepha | singezuphepha |
| class 8 | zizophepha | ezizophepha | zizophepha | azizuphepha | ezingezuphepha | zingezuphepha |
| class 9 | izophepha | ezophepha | izophepha | ayizuphepha | engezuphepha | ingezuphepha |
| class 10 | zizophepha | ezizophepha | zizophepha | azizuphepha | ezingezuphepha | zingezuphepha |
| class 11 | luzophepha | oluzophepha | luzophepha | aluzuphepha | olungezuphepha | lungezuphepha |
| class 14 | buzophepha | obuzophepha | buzophepha | abuzuphepha | obungezuphepha | bungezuphepha |
| class 15 | kuzophepha | okuzophepha | kuzophepha | akuzuphepha | okungezuphepha | kungezuphepha |
| class 17 | kuzophepha | okuzophepha | kuzophepha | akuzuphepha | okungezuphepha | kungezuphepha |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyophepha | engiyophepha | ngiyophepha | angiyuphepha | engingeyuphepha | ngingeyuphepha |
| 2nd singular | uyophepha | oyophepha | uyophepha | awuyuphepha | ongeyuphepha | ungeyuphepha |
| 1st plural | siyophepha | esiyophepha | siyophepha | asiyuphepha | esingeyuphepha | singeyuphepha |
| 2nd plural | niyophepha | eniyophepha | niyophepha | aniyuphepha | eningeyuphepha | ningeyuphepha |
| class 1 | uyophepha | oyophepha | eyophepha | akayuphepha | ongeyuphepha | engeyuphepha |
| class 2 | bayophepha | abayophepha | beyophepha | abayuphepha | abangeyuphepha | bengeyuphepha |
| class 3 | uyophepha | oyophepha | uyophepha | awuyuphepha | ongeyuphepha | ungeyuphepha |
| class 4 | iyophepha | eyophepha | iyophepha | ayiyuphepha | engeyuphepha | ingeyuphepha |
| class 5 | liyophepha | eliyophepha | liyophepha | aliyuphepha | elingeyuphepha | lingeyuphepha |
| class 6 | ayophepha | ayophepha | eyophepha | awayuphepha | angeyuphepha | engeyuphepha |
| class 7 | siyophepha | esiyophepha | siyophepha | asiyuphepha | esingeyuphepha | singeyuphepha |
| class 8 | ziyophepha | eziyophepha | ziyophepha | aziyuphepha | ezingeyuphepha | zingeyuphepha |
| class 9 | iyophepha | eyophepha | iyophepha | ayiyuphepha | engeyuphepha | ingeyuphepha |
| class 10 | ziyophepha | eziyophepha | ziyophepha | aziyuphepha | ezingeyuphepha | zingeyuphepha |
| class 11 | luyophepha | oluyophepha | luyophepha | aluyuphepha | olungeyuphepha | lungeyuphepha |
| class 14 | buyophepha | obuyophepha | buyophepha | abuyuphepha | obungeyuphepha | bungeyuphepha |
| class 15 | kuyophepha | okuyophepha | kuyophepha | akuyuphepha | okungeyuphepha | kungeyuphepha |
| class 17 | kuyophepha | okuyophepha | kuyophepha | akuyuphepha | okungeyuphepha | kungeyuphepha |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngiphephe | ngingaphephi | ||||
| 2nd singular | uphephe | ungaphephi | ||||
| 1st plural | siphephe | singaphephi | ||||
| 2nd plural | niphephe | ningaphephi | ||||
| class 1 | aphephe | angaphephi | ||||
| class 2 | baphephe | bangaphephi | ||||
| class 3 | uphephe | ungaphephi | ||||
| class 4 | iphephe | ingaphephi | ||||
| class 5 | liphephe | lingaphephi | ||||
| class 6 | aphephe | angaphephi | ||||
| class 7 | siphephe | singaphephi | ||||
| class 8 | ziphephe | zingaphephi | ||||
| class 9 | iphephe | ingaphephi | ||||
| class 10 | ziphephe | zingaphephi | ||||
| class 11 | luphephe | lungaphephi | ||||
| class 14 | buphephe | bungaphephi | ||||
| class 15 | kuphephe | kungaphephi | ||||
| class 17 | kuphephe | kungaphephi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngaphepha | ngangaphepha, angaphepha, angangaphepha | ||||
| 2nd singular | waphepha | wangaphepha, awaphepha, awangaphepha | ||||
| 1st plural | saphepha | sangaphepha, asaphepha, asangaphepha | ||||
| 2nd plural | naphepha | nangaphepha, anaphepha, anangaphepha | ||||
| class 1 | waphepha | wangaphepha, akaphepha, akangaphepha | ||||
| class 2 | baphepha | bangaphepha, abaphepha, abangaphepha | ||||
| class 3 | waphepha | wangaphepha, awaphepha, awangaphepha | ||||
| class 4 | yaphepha | yangaphepha, ayaphepha, ayangaphepha | ||||
| class 5 | laphepha | langaphepha, alaphepha, alangaphepha | ||||
| class 6 | aphepha | angaphepha, awaphepha, awangaphepha | ||||
| class 7 | saphepha | sangaphepha, asaphepha, asangaphepha | ||||
| class 8 | zaphepha | zangaphepha, azaphepha, azangaphepha | ||||
| class 9 | yaphepha | yangaphepha, ayaphepha, ayangaphepha | ||||
| class 10 | zaphepha | zangaphepha, azaphepha, azangaphepha | ||||
| class 11 | lwaphepha | lwangaphepha, alwaphepha, alwangaphepha | ||||
| class 14 | baphepha | bangaphepha, abaphepha, abangaphepha | ||||
| class 15 | kwaphepha | kwangaphepha, akwaphepha, akwangaphepha | ||||
| class 17 | kwaphepha | kwangaphepha, akwaphepha, akwangaphepha | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phepha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phepha (6.3)”