Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-pigana (infinitive kupigana)
- Reciprocal form of -piga: to fight
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -pigana
|
| Positive present
|
-napigana
|
| Subjunctive
|
-pigane
|
| Negative
|
-pigani
|
| Imperative singular
|
pigana
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
pigana
|
| Plural
|
piganeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hupigana
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lipigana
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kupigana
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -napigana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninapigana/napigana
|
tunapigana
|
| 2nd person
|
unapigana
|
mnapigana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anapigana
|
wanapigana
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -napigana
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -pigani)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sipigani
|
hatupigani
|
| 2nd person
|
hupigani
|
hampigani
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hapigani
|
hawapigani
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -pigani
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tapigana
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tapigana
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pigane)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nipigane
|
tupigane
|
| 2nd person
|
upigane
|
mpigane
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apigane
|
wapigane
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -pigane
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sipigane
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngepigana
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singepigana
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalipigana
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalipigana
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apigana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
napigana
|
twapigana
|
| 2nd person
|
wapigana
|
mwapigana
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
apigana
|
wapigana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wapigana
|
yapigana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lapigana
|
yapigana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chapigana
|
vyapigana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yapigana
|
zapigana
|
| u(XI)
|
wapigana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwapigana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
papigana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwapigana
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mepigana
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshapigana
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -japigana
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kipigana
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipopigana
|
| Consecutive
|
kapigana / positive subject concord + -kapigana
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kapigane
|
| Object concord
|
—
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + -pigana- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-piganaye
|
-piganao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-piganao
|
-piganayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-piganalo
|
-piganayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-piganacho
|
-piganavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-piganayo
|
-piganazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-piganao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-piganako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-piganapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-piganamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -pigana)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yepigana
|
-opigana
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-opigana
|
-yopigana
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lopigana
|
-yopigana
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chopigana
|
-vyopigana
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yopigana
|
-zopigana
|
| u(XI)
|
-opigana
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kopigana
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-popigana
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mopigana
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms