pirul

Hungarian

Etymology

From an onomatopoeic (sound-imitative) root + -ul (reflexive suffix). First attested in 1470.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpirul]
  • Hyphenation: pi‧rul
  • Rhymes: -ul

Verb

pirul

  1. (intransitive) to blush (to become red in the face due to shyness, shame, excitement, or embarrassment)
  2. (intransitive, cooking) to brown, toast (to become brown during cooking or toasting)

Conjugation

Conjugation of pirul
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. pirulok pirulsz pirul pirulunk pirultok pirulnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. pirultam pirultál pirult pirultunk pirultatok pirultak
def.
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. pirulni fog.
archaic
preterite
indef. pirulék pirulál pirula pirulánk pirulátok pirulának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pirul vala, pirult vala/volt.
archaic future indef. pirulandok pirulandasz piruland pirulandunk pirulandotok pirulandanak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. pirulnék pirulnál pirulna pirulnánk pirulnátok pirulnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pirult volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. piruljak pirulj or
piruljál
piruljon piruljunk piruljatok piruljanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pirult légyen
infinitive pirulni pirulnom pirulnod pirulnia pirulnunk pirulnotok pirulniuk
other
forms
verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
pirulás piruló pirult pirulva (pirulván)
Potential conjugation of pirul
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. pirulhatok pirulhatsz pirulhat pirulhatunk pirulhattok pirulhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. pirulhattam pirulhattál pirulhatott pirulhattunk pirulhattatok pirulhattak
def.
2nd obj
archaic
preterite
indef. pirulhaték pirulhatál pirulhata pirulhatánk pirulhatátok pirulhatának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pirulhat vala, pirulhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. pirulhatandok
or pirulandhatok
pirulhatandasz
or pirulandhatsz
pirulhatand
or pirulandhat
pirulhatandunk
or pirulandhatunk
pirulhatandotok
or pirulandhattok
pirulhatandanak
or pirulandhatnak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. pirulhatnék pirulhatnál pirulhatna pirulhatnánk pirulhatnátok pirulhatnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pirulhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. pirulhassak pirulhass or
pirulhassál
pirulhasson pirulhassunk pirulhassatok pirulhassanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pirulhatott légyen
infinitive (pirulhatni) (pirulhatnom) (pirulhatnod) (pirulhatnia) (pirulhatnunk) (pirulhatnotok) (pirulhatniuk)
other
forms
positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
(pirulhatva / pirulhatván)

Derived terms

  • irul-pirul
  • pirulás
  • pír

(With verbal prefixes):

  • belepirul
  • elpirul
  • kipirul
  • lepirul
  • megpirul
  • nekipirul

References

  1. ^ pirul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • pirul in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.