praecaveo

Latin

Etymology

From prae- +‎ caveō (“avoid, take care”).

Pronunciation

Verb

praecaveō (present infinitive praecavēre, perfect active praecāvī, supine praecautum); second conjugation

  1. (transitive) to guard against (beforehand), seek to avert or prevent
  2. (intransitive) to take care or heed, take precautions, beware; to be on one’s guard
    • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 622–624:
      PAMPHILUS: Hei mihi, / cum nōn habeō spatium ut dē tē sūmam supplicium ut volō! / Namque hōc tempūs praecavēre mihi mē, haud tē ulcīscī sinit!
      PAMPHILUS: Alas for me, when I don’t have the time to exact a punishment from you as I intend! For in this moment I am permitted [only] to take precautions for me myself, not to get revenge on you!

Conjugation

  • This verb has only limited passive conjugation; only third-person passive forms are attested in surviving sources.
   Conjugation of praecaveō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present praecaveō praecavēs praecavet praecavēmus praecavētis praecavent
imperfect praecavēbam praecavēbās praecavēbat praecavēbāmus praecavēbātis praecavēbant
future praecavēbō praecavēbis praecavēbit praecavēbimus praecavēbitis praecavēbunt
perfect praecāvī praecāvistī praecāvit praecāvimus praecāvistis praecāvērunt,
praecāvēre
pluperfect praecāveram praecāverās praecāverat praecāverāmus praecāverātis praecāverant
future perfect praecāverō praecāveris praecāverit praecāverimus praecāveritis praecāverint
passive present praecaveor praecavēris,
praecavēre 		praecavētur praecavēmur praecavēminī praecaventur
imperfect praecavēbar praecavēbāris,
praecavēbāre 		praecavēbātur praecavēbāmur praecavēbāminī praecavēbantur
future praecavēbor praecavēberis,
praecavēbere 		praecavēbitur praecavēbimur praecavēbiminī praecavēbuntur
perfect praecautus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect praecautus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect praecautus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present praecaveam praecaveās praecaveat praecaveāmus praecaveātis praecaveant
imperfect praecavērem praecavērēs praecavēret praecavērēmus praecavērētis praecavērent
perfect praecāverim praecāverīs praecāverit praecāverīmus praecāverītis praecāverint
pluperfect praecāvissem praecāvissēs praecāvisset praecāvissēmus praecāvissētis praecāvissent
passive present praecavear praecaveāris,
praecaveāre 		praecaveātur praecaveāmur praecaveāminī praecaveantur
imperfect praecavērer praecavērēris,
praecavērēre 		praecavērētur praecavērēmur praecavērēminī praecavērentur
perfect praecautus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect praecautus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — praecavē — — praecavēte —
future — praecavētō praecavētō — praecavētōte praecaventō
passive present — praecavēre — — praecavēminī —
future — praecavētor praecavētor — — praecaventor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present praecavēre praecavērī praecavēns —
future praecautūrum esse praecautum īrī praecautūrus praecavendus
perfect praecāvisse praecautum esse — praecautus
future perfect — praecautum fore — —
perfect potential praecautūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
praecavendī praecavendō praecavendum praecavendō praecautum praecautū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Galician: precaver
  • Portuguese: precaver
  • Spanish: precaver

References

  • “praecaveo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “praecaveo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • praecaveo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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