prouver
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French prover, from Latin probāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʁu.ve/
Audio: (file)
Verb
prouver
- to prove
Conjugation
Conjugation of prouver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | prouver | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | prouvant /pʁu.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | prouvé /pʁu.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | prouve /pʁuv/ |
prouves /pʁuv/ |
prouve /pʁuv/ |
prouvons /pʁu.vɔ̃/ |
prouvez /pʁu.ve/ |
prouvent /pʁuv/ |
| imperfect | prouvais /pʁu.vɛ/ |
prouvais /pʁu.vɛ/ |
prouvait /pʁu.vɛ/ |
prouvions /pʁu.vjɔ̃/ |
prouviez /pʁu.vje/ |
prouvaient /pʁu.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | prouvai /pʁu.ve/ |
prouvas /pʁu.va/ |
prouva /pʁu.va/ |
prouvâmes /pʁu.vam/ |
prouvâtes /pʁu.vat/ |
prouvèrent /pʁu.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | prouverai /pʁu.vʁe/ |
prouveras /pʁu.vʁa/ |
prouvera /pʁu.vʁa/ |
prouverons /pʁu.vʁɔ̃/ |
prouverez /pʁu.vʁe/ |
prouveront /pʁu.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | prouverais /pʁu.vʁɛ/ |
prouverais /pʁu.vʁɛ/ |
prouverait /pʁu.vʁɛ/ |
prouverions /pʁu.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
prouveriez /pʁu.və.ʁje/ |
prouveraient /pʁu.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | prouve /pʁuv/ |
prouves /pʁuv/ |
prouve /pʁuv/ |
prouvions /pʁu.vjɔ̃/ |
prouviez /pʁu.vje/ |
prouvent /pʁuv/ |
| imperfect2 | prouvasse /pʁu.vas/ |
prouvasses /pʁu.vas/ |
prouvât /pʁu.va/ |
prouvassions /pʁu.va.sjɔ̃/ |
prouvassiez /pʁu.va.sje/ |
prouvassent /pʁu.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | prouve /pʁuv/ |
— | prouvons /pʁu.vɔ̃/ |
prouvez /pʁu.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “prouver”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Verb
prouver
- alternative form of prover
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Some verb forms containing -is(s-) might have been contaminated by pooir (“to be able”). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of prouver (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | prouver | avoir prouvé | |||||
| gerund | en prouvant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | prouvant | ||||||
| past participle | prouvé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pruis | prueves | prueve | prouvons | prouvez | pruevent |
| imperfect | prouvoie, prouveie, prouvoe, prouveve | prouvoies, prouveies, prouvoes, prouveves | prouvoit, prouveit, prouvot, prouveve | prouviiens, prouviens | prouviiez, prouviez | prouvoient, prouveient, prouvoent, prouvevent | |
| preterite | prouvai | prouvas | prouva | prouvames | prouvastes | prouverent | |
| future | prouverai | prouveras | prouvera | prouverons | prouveroiz, prouvereiz, prouverez | prouveront | |
| conditional | prouveroie, prouvereie | prouveroies, prouvereies | prouveroit, prouvereit | prouveriiens, prouveriens | prouveriiez, prouveriez | prouveroient, prouvereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pruisse | pruisses | pruisse, pruist | provons, pruissiens, pruissons | provez, pruissiez | pruissent |
| imperfect | prouvasse | prouvasses | prouvast | prouvissons, prouvissiens | prouvissoiz, prouvissez, prouvissiez | prouvassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | pruisse | — | prouvons | prouvez | — | ||
Portuguese
Verb
prouver
- third-person singular future subjunctive of prazer