pwyso

Welsh

Etymology

From pwys (“weight”) +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpʊɨ̯sɔ/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpʊi̯sɔ/

Verb

pwyso (first-person singular present pwysaf)

(ambitransitive) to weigh
1. to weigh, find the weight of; to weigh out; to weigh oneself
Synonyms: cloriannu, mantoli, tafoli
1. to weigh (a certain amount), weigh as much as, (counter)balance
2. (with ar) to weigh, be heavy (as a burden); to press (upon or down); to emphasize
  Synonym: gwasgu i lawr
3. (figuratively)
  1. to weigh in the mind, consider (carefully), judge, value
  2. to be worth, be equal to, counterbalance
  3. (with ar) to weigh (upon), burden, press, oppress, impair; to impress (upon), urge, bring pressure to bear (on)
    Synonym: pwyso i lawr
  4. (with ar) to depend (upon), rely (on), trust or have confidence (in)
    Synonyms: dibynnu, ymddiried
4. to lean (against), rest (against), sink; to lean, incline, tend, deviate; to draw on, draw near
  Synonym: pwyso at

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third	impersonal
present indicative/future	pwysaf	pwysi	pwysa	pwyswn	pwyswch	pwysant	pwysir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	pwyswn	pwysit	pwysai	pwysem	pwysech	pwysent	pwysid
preterite	pwysais	pwysaist	pwysodd	pwysasom	pwysasoch	pwysasant	pwyswyd
pluperfect	pwysaswn	pwysasit	pwysasai	pwysasem	pwysasech	pwysasent	pwysasid, pwysesid
present subjunctive	pwyswyf	pwysych	pwyso	pwysom	pwysoch	pwysont	pwyser
imperative	—	pwysa	pwysed	pwyswn	pwyswch	pwysent	pwyser

verbal noun	pwyso
verbal adjectives	pwysedig pwysadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
inflected colloquial forms	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	pwysa i, pwysaf i	pwysi di	pwysith o/e/hi, pwysiff e/hi	pwyswn ni	pwyswch chi	pwysan nhw
conditional	pwyswn i	pwyset ti	pwysai fo/fe/hi	pwysen ni	pwysech chi	pwysen nhw
preterite	pwysais i, pwyses i	pwysaist ti, pwysest ti	pwysodd o/e/hi	pwyson ni	pwysoch chi	pwyson nhw
imperative	—	pwysa	—	—	pwyswch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

pwysedd (“pressure”)
pwyso at (“to tend towards”)
pwyso i lawr (“to weigh down”)
pwyswr (“weigher”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of *pwyso*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
pwyso	bwyso	mhwyso	phwyso

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “pwyso”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pwyso”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies