riekkua
Finnish
Etymology
Probably sound-symbolic.[1] The theory of a Germanic origin (such as a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *skrīkijaną) is unlikely.[2] Alternatively, if the sense "to scream" is original, possibly a borrowing from Proto-Samic *reakōtēk (for the phonology, compare Lieksa), with later influence from riehua.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrie̯kːuɑˣ/, [ˈrie̞̯kːuɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -iekːuɑ
- Syllabification(key): riek‧ku‧a
- Hyphenation(key): riek‧kua
Verb
riekkua
- (intransitive) to rampage
Conjugation
| Inflection of riekkua (Kotus type 52*A/sanoa, kk-k gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | riekun | en rieku | 1st sing. | olen riekkunut | en ole riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | riekut | et rieku | 2nd sing. | olet riekkunut | et ole riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | riekkuu | ei rieku | 3rd sing. | on riekkunut | ei ole riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | riekumme | emme rieku | 1st plur. | olemme riekkuneet | emme ole riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | riekutte | ette rieku | 2nd plur. | olette riekkuneet | ette ole riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | riekkuvat | eivät rieku | 3rd plur. | ovat riekkuneet | eivät ole riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | riekutaan | ei riekuta | passive | on riekuttu | ei ole riekuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | riekuin | en riekkunut | 1st sing. | olin riekkunut | en ollut riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | riekuit | et riekkunut | 2nd sing. | olit riekkunut | et ollut riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | riekkui | ei riekkunut | 3rd sing. | oli riekkunut | ei ollut riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | riekuimme | emme riekkuneet | 1st plur. | olimme riekkuneet | emme olleet riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | riekuitte | ette riekkuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte riekkuneet | ette olleet riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | riekkuivat | eivät riekkuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat riekkuneet | eivät olleet riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | riekuttiin | ei riekuttu | passive | oli riekuttu | ei ollut riekuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | riekkuisin | en riekkuisi | 1st sing. | olisin riekkunut | en olisi riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | riekkuisit | et riekkuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit riekkunut | et olisi riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | riekkuisi | ei riekkuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi riekkunut | ei olisi riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | riekkuisimme | emme riekkuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme riekkuneet | emme olisi riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | riekkuisitte | ette riekkuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte riekkuneet | ette olisi riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | riekkuisivat | eivät riekkuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat riekkuneet | eivät olisi riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | riekuttaisiin | ei riekuttaisi | passive | olisi riekuttu | ei olisi riekuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | rieku | älä rieku | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | riekkukoon | älköön riekkuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon riekkunut | älköön olko riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | riekkukaamme | älkäämme riekkuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | riekkukaa | älkää riekkuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | riekkukoot | älkööt riekkuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot riekkuneet | älkööt olko riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | riekuttakoon | älköön riekuttako | passive | olkoon riekuttu | älköön olko riekuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | riekkunen | en riekkune | 1st sing. | lienen riekkunut | en liene riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | riekkunet | et riekkune | 2nd sing. | lienet riekkunut | et liene riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | riekkunee | ei riekkune | 3rd sing. | lienee riekkunut | ei liene riekkunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | riekkunemme | emme riekkune | 1st plur. | lienemme riekkuneet | emme liene riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | riekkunette | ette riekkune | 2nd plur. | lienette riekkuneet | ette liene riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | riekkunevat | eivät riekkune | 3rd plur. | lienevät riekkuneet | eivät liene riekkuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | riekuttaneen | ei riekuttane | passive | lienee riekuttu | ei liene riekuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | riekkua | present | riekkuva | riekuttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | riekkunut | riekuttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | riekkuessa | riekuttaessa | agent4 | riekkuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | riekkumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | riekkuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | riekkumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | riekkumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | riekkumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | riekkumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | riekkumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | riekkuman | riekuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th3 | verbal noun | riekkuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
References
- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Further reading
- “riekkua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023