Swahili
Etymology
From Arabic شُكْر (šukr, “thankfulness, gratitude”).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-shukuru (infinitive kushukuru)
- to thank
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -shukuru
|
| Positive present
|
-nashukuru
|
| Subjunctive
|
-shukuru
|
| Negative
|
-shukuru
|
| Imperative singular
|
shukuru
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
shukuru
|
| Plural
|
shukuruni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hushukuru
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lishukuru
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kushukuru
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninashukuru/nashukuru
|
tunashukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
unashukuru
|
mnashukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anashukuru
|
wanashukuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nashukuru
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -shukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sishukuru
|
hatushukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
hushukuru
|
hamshukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hashukuru
|
hawashukuru
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -shukuru
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tashukuru
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tashukuru
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nishukuru
|
tushukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
ushukuru
|
mshukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashukuru
|
washukuru
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -shukuru
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sishukuru
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngeshukuru
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singeshukuru
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalishukuru
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalishukuru
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nashukuru
|
twashukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
washukuru
|
mwashukuru
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ashukuru
|
washukuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
washukuru
|
yashukuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lashukuru
|
yashukuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chashukuru
|
vyashukuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yashukuru
|
zashukuru
|
| u(XI)
|
washukuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwashukuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pashukuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwashukuru
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -meshukuru
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshashukuru
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jashukuru
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kishukuru
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siposhukuru
|
| Consecutive
|
kashukuru / positive subject concord + -kashukuru
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kashukuru
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nishukuru
|
-tushukuru
|
| 2nd person
|
-kushukuru
|
-washukuru/-kushukuruni/-washukuruni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mshukuru
|
-washukuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ushukuru
|
-ishukuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lishukuru
|
-yashukuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kishukuru
|
-vishukuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ishukuru
|
-zishukuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-ushukuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kushukuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pashukuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mushukuru
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jishukuru
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shukuru- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-shukuruye
|
-shukuruo
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-shukuruo
|
-shukuruyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-shukurulo
|
-shukuruyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-shukurucho
|
-shukuruvyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-shukuruyo
|
-shukuruzo
|
| u(XI)
|
-shukuruo
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-shukuruko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-shukurupo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-shukurumo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shukuru)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yeshukuru
|
-oshukuru
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-oshukuru
|
-yoshukuru
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-loshukuru
|
-yoshukuru
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-choshukuru
|
-vyoshukuru
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yoshukuru
|
-zoshukuru
|
| u(XI)
|
-oshukuru
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-koshukuru
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-poshukuru
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-moshukuru
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168 Nr. 1500