Egyptian
Etymology
s- (causative prefix) + msj (“to give birth”).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to cause to give birth
- (transitive) to assist (a woman) in bearing a child, to deliver (a woman)
Inflection
Conjugation of smsj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sms, geminated stem: smss
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
smst, smsj
|
smsw, sms
|
smst, smswt, smsyt
|
sms
|
sms, smsy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sms
|
ḥr smst, ḥr smsj
|
m smst, m smsj
|
r smst, r smsj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sms.n
|
smsw, sms, smsy
|
consecutive
|
sms.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
smst
|
| perfective3
|
sms
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sms.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sms, smsy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
smsw, sms, smsy
|
smsw, sms, smsy
|
potentialis1
|
sms.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sms, smsy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sms.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
smsw1, smsy, sms
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sms
|
smsy, sms
|
| imperfective
|
smss, smssy, smssw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
smss, smssj6, smssy6
|
smss, smssw5
|
| prospective
|
smsw1, smsy, sms, smstj7
|
—
|
smswtj1 4, smstj4, smst4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 165.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 108