sommer
English
Etymology 1
Interjection
sommer
- (South Africa) just because; answer to questions (especially "why" questions) that you do not want to answer or don't have a specific answer for.
- Why do I have to go to school?
Sommer.
Etymology 2
Noun
sommer (countable and uncountable, plural sommers)
- Obsolete form of summer.
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Dutch zomaar, with vowel reduction.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɔ.mər/
Audio: (file)
Adverb
sommer
- just, no more than
- 2003, Dalene Matthee, Toorbos, Tafelberg, page 255:
- Hy sê: Moenie laf wees nie, dit was sommer kanonskote vir koningin Victoria se verjaardag, dis Engeland se skip wat in die hawe lê.
- He said, Don't be silly; that was just cannon shots for Queen Victoria's birthday; that's an English ship there in the harbour.
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse sumarr, sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“summer”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɔmɐ/, [ˈsʌmɐ], [ˈsɒ̽mɒ̽]
Noun
sommer c (singular definite sommeren, plural indefinite somre)
- (season) summer (hottest season)
Inflection
| common gender |
singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sommer | sommeren | somre | somrene |
| genitive | sommers | sommerens | somres | somrenes |
Derived terms
- sommeragtig ("summerlike")
- sommerlig ("summerly")
See also
- sommer on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
- Sommer (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
| Seasons in Danish · årstider (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| forår (“spring”) | sommer (“summer”) | efterår (“autumn”) | vinter (“winter”) |
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔ.me/
Audio: (file)
Verb
sommer
- (mathematics) to sum up
- to summon, to call
Conjugation
Conjugation of sommer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | sommer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | sommant /sɔ.mɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | sommé /sɔ.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | somme /sɔm/ |
sommes /sɔm/ |
somme /sɔm/ |
sommons /sɔ.mɔ̃/ |
sommez /sɔ.me/ |
somment /sɔm/ |
| imperfect | sommais /sɔ.mɛ/ |
sommais /sɔ.mɛ/ |
sommait /sɔ.mɛ/ |
sommions /sɔ.mjɔ̃/ |
sommiez /sɔ.mje/ |
sommaient /sɔ.mɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | sommai /sɔ.me/ |
sommas /sɔ.ma/ |
somma /sɔ.ma/ |
sommâmes /sɔ.mam/ |
sommâtes /sɔ.mat/ |
sommèrent /sɔ.mɛʁ/ | |
| future | sommerai /sɔm.ʁe/ |
sommeras /sɔm.ʁa/ |
sommera /sɔm.ʁa/ |
sommerons /sɔm.ʁɔ̃/ |
sommerez /sɔm.ʁe/ |
sommeront /sɔm.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | sommerais /sɔm.ʁɛ/ |
sommerais /sɔm.ʁɛ/ |
sommerait /sɔm.ʁɛ/ |
sommerions /sɔ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sommeriez /sɔ.mə.ʁje/ |
sommeraient /sɔm.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | somme /sɔm/ |
sommes /sɔm/ |
somme /sɔm/ |
sommions /sɔ.mjɔ̃/ |
sommiez /sɔ.mje/ |
somment /sɔm/ |
| imperfect2 | sommasse /sɔ.mas/ |
sommasses /sɔ.mas/ |
sommât /sɔ.ma/ |
sommassions /sɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
sommassiez /sɔ.ma.sje/ |
sommassent /sɔ.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | somme /sɔm/ |
— | sommons /sɔ.mɔ̃/ |
sommez /sɔ.me/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “sommer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse sumarr, sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.
Noun
sommer m (definite singular sommeren, indefinite plural sommere or somre or somrer, definite plural sommerne or somrene)
Derived terms
See also
| Seasons in Norwegian Bokmål · årstider (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| vår (“spring”) | sommer (“summer”) | høst (“autumn”) | vinter (“winter”) |
References
- “sommer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.