stupéfaire
French
Etymology
Backformed from stupéfait, which is originally an adjective, but was interpreted as a participle.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sty.pe.fɛʁ/
Verb
stupéfaire
- (nonstandard) alternative form of stupéfier
- 1840, P.J.B. Buchez, Essai d’un traité complet de philosophie du point de vue du catholicisme et du progrès, volume 3, Paris, page 481:
- C’est l’unique solution que l’on puisse donner à des difficultés et à des impossibilités nombreuses qui frappent et stupéfont les imaginations les moins timides.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1824, George Duval et al., La pénélope de la cité, Paris, page 12:
- Il ne faut pas que cela te stupéfasse, tu connais ma manière de vivre.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
- Chiefly used in the past participle stupéfait, less often in the third-person singular present and the infinitive. Other forms are very rare, but attestable.
Conjugation
Conjugation of stupéfaire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | stupéfaire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | stupéfaisant /sty.pef.zɑ̃/ or /sty.pɛf.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | stupéfait /sty.pe.fɛ/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | stupéfais /sty.pe.fɛ/ |
stupéfais /sty.pe.fɛ/ |
stupéfait /sty.pe.fɛ/ |
stupéfaisons /sty.pef.zɔ̃/ or /sty.pɛf.zɔ̃/ |
stupéfaites /sty.pe.fɛt/ |
stupéfont /sty.pe.fɔ̃/ |
| imperfect | stupéfaisais /sty.pef.zɛ/ or /sty.pɛf.zɛ/ |
stupéfaisais /sty.pef.zɛ/ or /sty.pɛf.zɛ/ |
stupéfaisait /sty.pef.zɛ/ or /sty.pɛf.zɛ/ |
stupéfaisions /sty.pe.fə.zjɔ̃/ |
stupéfaisiez /sty.pe.fə.zje/ |
stupéfaisaient /sty.pef.zɛ/ or /sty.pɛf.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | stupéfis /sty.pe.fi/ |
stupéfis /sty.pe.fi/ |
stupéfit /sty.pe.fi/ |
stupéfîmes /sty.pe.fim/ |
stupéfîtes /sty.pe.fit/ |
stupéfirent /sty.pe.fiʁ/ | |
| future | stupéferai /sty.pe.fʁe/ |
stupéferas /sty.pe.fʁa/ |
stupéfera /sty.pe.fʁa/ |
stupéferons /sty.pe.fʁɔ̃/ |
stupéferez /sty.pe.fʁe/ |
stupéferont /sty.pe.fʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | stupéferais /sty.pe.fʁɛ/ |
stupéferais /sty.pe.fʁɛ/ |
stupéferait /sty.pe.fʁɛ/ |
stupéferions /sty.pe.fə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
stupéferiez /sty.pe.fə.ʁje/ |
stupéferaient /sty.pe.fʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | stupéfasse /sty.pe.fas/ |
stupéfasses /sty.pe.fas/ |
stupéfasse /sty.pe.fas/ |
stupéfassions /sty.pe.fa.sjɔ̃/ |
stupéfassiez /sty.pe.fa.sje/ |
stupéfassent /sty.pe.fas/ |
| imperfect2 | stupéfisse /sty.pe.fis/ |
stupéfisses /sty.pe.fis/ |
stupéfît /sty.pe.fi/ |
stupéfissions /sty.pe.fi.sjɔ̃/ |
stupéfissiez /sty.pe.fi.sje/ |
stupéfissent /sty.pe.fis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | stupéfais /sty.pe.fɛ/ |
— | stupéfaisons /sty.pef.zɔ̃/ or /sty.pɛf.zɔ̃/ |
stupéfaites /sty.pe.fɛt/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “stupéfaire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.