survivre
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French survivre, from Latin supervīvō, from super + vīvō. Equivalent to sur- + vivre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syʁ.vivʁ/
Audio: (file)
Verb
survivre (intransitive)
- to survive
- to survive [with à ‘an accident, etc.’]
- 2019, Géraldine Massot, La prophétie des papillons:
- À combien de petites morts ai-je survécu ?
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- to outlive [with à ‘someone’]
Conjugation
Conjugation of survivre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | survivre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | survivant /syʁ.vi.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | survécu /syʁ.ve.ky/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | survis /syʁ.vi/ |
survis /syʁ.vi/ |
survit /syʁ.vi/ |
survivons /syʁ.vi.vɔ̃/ |
survivez /syʁ.vi.ve/ |
survivent /syʁ.viv/ |
| imperfect | survivais /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ |
survivais /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ |
survivait /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ |
survivions /syʁ.vi.vjɔ̃/ |
surviviez /syʁ.vi.vje/ |
survivaient /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | survécus /syʁ.ve.ky/ |
survécus /syʁ.ve.ky/ |
survécut /syʁ.ve.ky/ |
survécûmes /syʁ.ve.kym/ |
survécûtes /syʁ.ve.kyt/ |
survécurent /syʁ.ve.kyʁ/ | |
| future | survivrai /syʁ.vi.vʁe/ |
survivras /syʁ.vi.vʁa/ |
survivra /syʁ.vi.vʁa/ |
survivrons /syʁ.vi.vʁɔ̃/ |
survivrez /syʁ.vi.vʁe/ |
survivront /syʁ.vi.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | survivrais /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ |
survivrais /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ |
survivrait /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ |
survivrions /syʁ.vi.vʁi.jɔ̃/ |
survivriez /syʁ.vi.vʁi.je/ |
survivraient /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | survive /syʁ.viv/ |
survives /syʁ.viv/ |
survive /syʁ.viv/ |
survivions /syʁ.vi.vjɔ̃/ |
surviviez /syʁ.vi.vje/ |
survivent /syʁ.viv/ |
| imperfect2 | survécusse /syʁ.ve.kys/ |
survécusses /syʁ.ve.kys/ |
survécût /syʁ.ve.ky/ |
survécussions /syʁ.ve.ky.sjɔ̃/ |
survécussiez /syʁ.ve.ky.sje/ |
survécussent /syʁ.ve.kys/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | survis /syʁ.vi/ |
— | survivons /syʁ.vi.vɔ̃/ |
survivez /syʁ.vi.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “survivre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- sourvivre
Etymology
From Latin supervivere. Equivalent to sur- + vivre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syɾˈvivɾə/
Verb
survivre
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of survivre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | survivre | avoir survescu | |||||
| gerund | en survivant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | survivant | ||||||
| past participle | survescu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | survif | survis | survit | survivons | survivez | survivent |
| imperfect | survivoie, surviveie | survivoies, surviveies | survivoit, surviveit | surviviiens, surviviens | surviviiez, surviviez | survivoient, surviveient | |
| preterite | survesqui | survesquis | survesquié | survesquimes | survesquistes | survesquierent | |
| future | survivrai | survivras | survivra | survivrons | survivroiz, survivreiz, survivrez | survivront | |
| conditional | survivroie, survivreie | survivroies, survivreies | survivroit, survivreit | survivriiens, survivriens | survivriiez, survivriez | survivroient, survivreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | survive | survives | survive | survivons | survivez | survivent |
| imperfect | survesquisse | survesquisses | survesquist | survesquissons, survesquissiens | survesquissoiz, survesquissez, survesquissiez | survesquissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | survif | — | survivons | survivez | — | ||
Descendants
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (sourvivre, supplement)
- survivre on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub