tʰø⁵⁵

• IPA^(key): /tʰø⁵⁵/, [tʰɔe̯⁵⁵]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan. Possibly cognate with Burmese ထွေ (htwe, “(archaic) to say; pronouncement made by an august person (from Old Burmese ထုယ် (htuy))”), Tangut 𘊴 (*thu¹, “to say, to speak”); Cognate with Northern Nisu tsʰo³³ tʰɯ²¹ (“voice”), Axi i³³ tʰɯ³³ (“voice”), Hani ddoqteil (“voice, sound”) and Youle Jino ɑ³³tʰə⁴⁴ (“voice, sound”). Compare Lhao Vo thoe, Zaiwa te and Longchuan Achang ŋ̊eŋ³⁵ the⁵⁵.

tʰø⁵⁵

1. voice, sound (sound made by the mouth or by any instrument)
   • 2016, “Yvamsak wung [/ja̠m⁵⁵ sak⁵⁵ vɔ̃⁵⁵/]”, performed by Kong Huiying^[1]:

     Wunbvong kilvong toi ja mu

     vun³¹.pɔ̠ŋ⁵⁵ kʰə̆.lɔ̠̃³⁵ tʰø⁵⁵ kja³¹ mu³¹

     Once we hear the sound of traditional Jingpho flute

tʰø⁵⁵ usually refers to sounds made by human utterances or instruments. For sounds of objects, mjaŋ⁵⁵ is used.

• mjaŋ⁵⁵ (“sound”)

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-daj ~ m-di (“that; this”).

Cognate with Burmese ထို (htui, “that”) (from Old Burmese ထိဝ် (htiw) ~ ထိုဝ် (htuiw)), Nuosu ꀊꄶ (a ddit, “that”) (possibly also ꄚ (tit, “here”)), Lisu ꓕꓱꓻ (tʰø, “this”), Dazhai Hani tyul (“that”), Naxi tee (“that”), Horpa and Northern Qiang thɛː (“that”). Compare Lhao Vo thoe and Longchuan Achang tʰe⁵⁵.

tʰø⁵⁵ (reduced form tʰə̆-)

1. that over there, yon (roughly on the same elevation as the speaker)

   tʰø⁵⁵ məi⁵¹ ― that place

tʰø⁵⁵ (reduced form tʰə̆-)

1. that over there, yon (roughly on the same elevation as the speaker)

   tʰø⁵⁵ a³¹ pɛ̠⁵⁵ tʃuŋ⁵¹ ― What is that?

In Pela, distal demonstrative elements are sensitive to the relative elevation. tʰø⁵⁵ is used for any object located at roughly the same elevation as the speaker. To refer to higher or lower objects, xu⁵⁵ and ma̠⁵⁵ are used respectively.

• Mangshi Jinghpo ethnicity Association of Development and Progress Studies (芒市景颇族发展进步研究学会), editor (2018), 汉文载瓦文波拉语对译词典 [Han-Zaiwa-Pela Dictionary] (in Chinese), Mangshi: Dehong Nationalities Publishing House.
• Dai, Qingxia, Jiang, Ying, Kong, Zhien (2007) 波拉语研究 [A Study of Pela Language] (in Chinese), Beijing: Publishing House of Minority Nationalities.