teanga

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish tengae,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tangʷāss (compare Welsh tafod), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). The dative singular form teangaidh as the nominative singular is archaic but still survives in Ulster.

Pronunciation

Noun

teanga f (genitive singular teanga, nominative plural teangacha)

  1. (anatomy) tongue
  2. language

Declension

Declension of teanga (fourth declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative teanga teangacha
vocative a theanga a theangacha
genitive teanga teangacha
dative teanga teangacha
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an teanga na teangacha
genitive na teanga na dteangacha
dative leis an teanga
don teanga 		leis na teangacha

Derived terms

  • alt teanga (“tongue joint”)
  • aonteangach (“monolingual, unilingual”)
  • aonteangach m (“monoglot”)
  • bac teanga (“language handicap”)
  • bacainn teanga (“language barrier”)
  • barra teanga (“language bar”)
  • bualadh teanga (“actinomycosis”)
  • cinnteachas teanga (“linguistic determinism”)
  • cód teanga (“language code”)
  • coibhneasacht teanga (“linguistic relativity”)
  • comhstruchtúr teanga (“language construct”)
  • comhtheanga (“common language”)
  • creimeadh teanga (“language attrition”)
  • damhtheanga (“oxtongue”)
  • daolteanga (“sharp, vicious, tongue”)
  • drochtheanga (“bad language”)
  • fásteanga (“creole language”)
  • feidhmiú teanga (“linguistic performance”)
  • feidhmiúchán teanga (“linguistic performance”)
  • foghlaim teanga (“language learning”)
  • idirtheanga (“interlanguage”)
  • inniúlacht teanga (“linguistic competence, language competence”)
  • iompú teanga (“language shift”)
  • lus na teanga (“adder’s-tongue”)
  • maolteanga (“stammer, stutter”)
  • máthairtheanga (“mother tongue”)
  • meaisínteanga (“machine language”)
  • meititheanga (“metalanguage”)
  • mianach sealbhaithe teanga (“language acquisition device”)
  • micritheanga (“microlanguage”)
  • mionlach teanga (“linguistic minority”)
  • mionteanga (“minority language”)
  • nasctheanga (“pidgin language”)
  • neamhord teanga (“language disorder”)
  • nuatheanga (“modern language”)
  • pleanáil teanga (“language planning”)
  • réim teanga (“linguistic register”)
  • rolladh teanga (“tongue rolling”)
  • sainréim teanga (“register”)
  • saotharlann teanga (“language laboratory”)
  • sealbhú teanga (“language acquisition”)
  • spadal teanga (“tongue depressor”)
  • sprioctheanga (“object language, target language”)
  • téacs go teanga (“text-to-speech”)
  • teanga agus eitre (“tongue and groove”)
  • teanga aidhme (“object language”)
  • teanga amhairc (“visual language”)
  • teanga an bhúcla (“tongue of belt”)
  • teanga an duine (“human language”)
  • teanga an phobail (“vernacular”)
  • teanga chait (“sole; hornwrack”)
  • teanga choiteann (“vernacular”)
  • teanga chomharthaíochta (“sign language”)
  • teanga chon (“hound’s tongue”)
  • teanga chumtha (“constructed language”)
  • teanga dhíolama (“assembly language”)
  • teanga dhomhanda (“world language”)
  • teanga dhúchais (“vernacular”)
  • teanga fhileata (“poetic language”)
  • teanga fhógrach (“declarative language”)
  • teanga fhoinseach (“source language”)
  • teanga fia (“hart’s-tongue fern”)
  • teanga ghlacach (“receptive language”)
  • teanga i mbaol (“endangered language”)
  • teanga iarratais (“query language”)
  • teanga iasachta (“foreign language”)
  • teanga idirmheánach (“intermediate language”)
  • teanga idirnáisiúnta chúnta (“international auxiliary language”)
  • teanga inbhreisithe (“extensible language”)
  • teanga ionramhála sonraí (“data manipulation language”)
  • teanga íseal-leibhéil (“low-level language”)
  • teanga mhadra rua (“hart’s-tongue fern”)
  • teanga mharcála (“markup language”)
  • teanga mheaisín (“machine language”)
  • teanga mhín (“white dead-nettle”)
  • teanga nádúrtha (“natural language”)
  • teanga náisiúnta (“national language”)
  • teanga nós imeachta (“procedural language”)
  • teanga oifigiúil (“official language”)
  • teanga ríomhaire (“computer language”)
  • teanga ríomhaireachta (“computer language”)
  • teanga ríomhchlárúcháin (“programming language”)
  • teanga scriptithe (“scripting language”)
  • teanga shaorga (“artificial language”)
  • teanga shintéiseach (“synthetic language”)
  • teanga shiombalach (“symbolic language”)
  • teanga thrasfhoirmiúcháin (“transformation language”)
  • teanga thuairiscithe leathanach (“page description language”)
  • teangach (“tongued; lingual; wordy, loquacious”)
  • teangachruthach (“tongue-shaped, linguiform”)
  • teangaigh (“to tongue”)
  • teangaire (“interpreter”)
  • teangaithe (“tongued”)
  • teangeolaí (“linguist”)
  • teangeolaíocht (“linguistics”)
  • teangóg (“ligule”)
  • teangúil (“lingual”)
  • teorainn teangacha (“linguistic boundary”)
  • truailliú teanga (“language pollution”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of teanga
radical lenition eclipsis
teanga theanga dteanga

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tengae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 63, page 33
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 121, page 46

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish tengae,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tangʷāt-, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). The dative singular form teangaidh has become the nominative singular in some dialects.

Pronunciation

Noun

teanga f (dative singular teanga or teangaidh, genitive singular teanga or teangaidh, plural teangan or teangannan)

  1. (anatomy) tongue
  2. (linguistics) language
    Synonym: cànan

Declension

Declension of teanga (type III feminine noun)
indefinite
singular plural
nominative teanga teangan
genitive teanga theangan
dative teanga teangan; teangaibh✝
definite
singular plural
nominative (an) teanga (na) teangan
genitive (na) teanga (nan) teangan
dative (an) teanga (na) teangan; teangaibh✝
vocative theanga theangan

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Declension of teanga (type Vd feminine noun)
indefinite
singular plural
nominative teanga teangannan
genitive teangaidh theangannan
dative teangaidh teangannan; teangaibh✝
definite
singular plural
nominative (an) teanga (na) teangannan
genitive (na) teangaidh (nan) teangannan
dative (an) teangaidh (na) teangannan; teangaibh✝
vocative theanga theangannan
  • Alternative genitive singular: teangann

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of teanga
radical lenition
teanga theanga

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tengae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Ladefoged, Jenny, Ladefoged, Peter, Turk, Alice, Hind, Kevin (5 February 1996) “Word List for Scottish Gaelic (Great Bernera, Lewis, Outer Hebrides, Scotland)”, in The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive‎[1], Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics
  3. ^ Wentworth, Roy (2003) Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN
  4. ^ Donald A. Morrison (2020) Modularity and stratification in phonology: Evidence from Scottish Gaelic (Thesis)‎[2], Manchester: University of Manchester
  5. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  6. ^ Mac Gill-Fhinnein, Gordon (1966) Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas, Dublin: Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath
  7. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  8. ^ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎[3], Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “teanga”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[4], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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