tywyllu

Welsh

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Welsh tywyllu. By surface analysis, tywyll (dark) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

Verb

tywyllu (first-person singular present tywyllaf)

  1. (ambitransitive) to darken, to obscure
    Antonym: goleuo
  2. (transitive, figurative) to darken (a location), to visit

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future tywyllaf tywylli tywyll, tywylla tywyllwn tywyllwch tywyllant tywyllir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
tywyllwn tywyllit tywyllai tywyllem tywyllech tywyllent tywyllid
preterite tywyllais tywyllaist tywyllodd tywyllasom tywyllasoch tywyllasant tywyllwyd
pluperfect tywyllaswn tywyllasit tywyllasai tywyllasem tywyllasech tywyllasent tywyllasid, tywyllesid
present subjunctive tywyllwyf tywyllych tywyllo tywyllom tywylloch tywyllont tywyller
imperative tywyll, tywylla tywylled tywyllwn tywyllwch tywyllent tywyller
verbal noun tywyllu
verbal adjectives tywylledig
tywylladwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future tywylla i,
tywyllaf i
tywylli di tywyllith o/e/hi,
tywylliff e/hi
tywyllwn ni tywyllwch chi tywyllan nhw
conditional tywyllwn i,
tywyllswn i
tywyllet ti,
tywyllset ti
tywyllai fo/fe/hi,
tywyllsai fo/fe/hi
tywyllen ni,
tywyllsen ni
tywyllech chi,
tywyllsech chi
tywyllen nhw,
tywyllsen nhw
preterite tywyllais i,
tywylles i
tywyllaist ti,
tywyllest ti
tywyllodd o/e/hi tywyllon ni tywylloch chi tywyllon nhw
imperative tywylla tywyllwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of tywyllu
radical soft nasal aspirate
tywyllu dywyllu nhywyllu thywyllu

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “tywyllu”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tywyllu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies