ukar
Old Tupi
Verb
ukar (first-person singular active indicative aîukar, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîukari, noun ukara) (transitive)
- to make; to compel
- to order (to issue a command to)
- Synonym: pûaî
- to let (to allow to, not to prevent)
- forms causative verbs from transitive verbs
- Coordinate term: (with intransitive verbs) mo-
Conjugation
Conjugation of ukar (transitive, R-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
| Causative-comitative | eroukar | |||||
| Reflexive | îeukar | |||||
| Deverbals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ba'e | oîukaryba'e | |||||
| emi- | emiukara / miukara | |||||
| -pyr(a) | i ukarypyra | |||||
| -sab(a) | ukasaba / ukaraba | |||||
| -sar(a) | ukasara / ukarara | |||||
| Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
| Verbal forms | ||||||
| Active | ||||||
| Indicative | aîukar | ereîukar | oîukar | oroîukar | îaîukar | peîukar |
| Permissive | t'aîukar | t'ereîukar | t'oîukar | t'oroîukar | t'îaîukar | ta peîukar |
| Imperative | eîukar | peîukar | ||||
| Negative indicative | n'aîukari | n'ereîukari | n'oîukari | n'oroîukari | n'îaîukari | na peîukari |
| Negative permissive | t'aîukar umẽ | t'ereîukar umẽ | t'oîukar umẽ | t'oroîukar umẽ | t'îaîukar umẽ | ta peîukar umẽ |
| Negative imperative | eîukar umẽ | peîukar umẽ | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Affirmative | ukara | |||||
| Negative | ukare'yma | |||||
| Gerund | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe uká | nde uká | i uká | oré uká | îandé uká | pe uká |
| Negative | xe ukare'yma | nde ukare'yma | i ukare'yma | oré ukare'yma | îandé ukare'yma | pe ukare'yma |
| Circumstantial | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe ukari | i ukari | oré ukari | îandé ukari | ||
| Negative | xe ukare'ymi | i ukare'ymi | oré ukare'ymi | îandé ukare'ymi | ||
Descendants
- Nheengatu: kari
References
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “ukar”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 496, column 2