vutha
Xhosa
Verb
-vutha
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-vutha
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuvutha | ukungavuthi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | vutha | -vuthe | ||||
| plural | vuthani | -vutheni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyavutha, ngivutha | engivuthayo, engivutha | ngivutha | angivuthi | engingavuthi | ngingavuthi |
| 2nd singular | uyavutha, uvutha | ovuthayo, ovutha | uvutha | awuvuthi | ongavuthi | ungavuthi |
| 1st plural | siyavutha, sivutha | esivuthayo, esivutha | sivutha | asivuthi | esingavuthi | singavuthi |
| 2nd plural | niyavutha, nivutha | enivuthayo, enivutha | nivutha | anivuthi | eningavuthi | ningavuthi |
| class 1 | uyavutha, uvutha | ovuthayo, ovutha | evutha | akavuthi | ongavuthi | engavuthi |
| class 2 | bayavutha, bavutha | abavuthayo, abavutha | bevutha | abavuthi | abangavuthi | bengavuthi |
| class 3 | uyavutha, uvutha | ovuthayo, ovutha | uvutha | awuvuthi | ongavuthi | ungavuthi |
| class 4 | iyavutha, ivutha | evuthayo, evutha | ivutha | ayivuthi | engavuthi | ingavuthi |
| class 5 | liyavutha, livutha | elivuthayo, elivutha | livutha | alivuthi | elingavuthi | lingavuthi |
| class 6 | ayavutha, avutha | avuthayo, avutha | evutha | awavuthi | angavuthi | engavuthi |
| class 7 | siyavutha, sivutha | esivuthayo, esivutha | sivutha | asivuthi | esingavuthi | singavuthi |
| class 8 | ziyavutha, zivutha | ezivuthayo, ezivutha | zivutha | azivuthi | ezingavuthi | zingavuthi |
| class 9 | iyavutha, ivutha | evuthayo, evutha | ivutha | ayivuthi | engavuthi | ingavuthi |
| class 10 | ziyavutha, zivutha | ezivuthayo, ezivutha | zivutha | azivuthi | ezingavuthi | zingavuthi |
| class 11 | luyavutha, luvutha | oluvuthayo, oluvutha | luvutha | aluvuthi | olungavuthi | lungavuthi |
| class 14 | buyavutha, buvutha | obuvuthayo, obuvutha | buvutha | abuvuthi | obungavuthi | bungavuthi |
| class 15 | kuyavutha, kuvutha | okuvuthayo, okuvutha | kuvutha | akuvuthi | okungavuthi | kungavuthi |
| class 17 | kuyavutha, kuvutha | okuvuthayo, okuvutha | kuvutha | akuvuthi | okungavuthi | kungavuthi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngivuthile, ngivuthē | engivuthile, engivuthē | ngivuthile, ngivuthē | angivuthanga | engingavuthanga | ngingavuthanga |
| 2nd singular | uvuthile, uvuthē | ovuthile, ovuthē | uvuthile, uvuthē | awuvuthanga | ongavuthanga | ungavuthanga |
| 1st plural | sivuthile, sivuthē | esivuthile, esivuthē | sivuthile, sivuthē | asivuthanga | esingavuthanga | singavuthanga |
| 2nd plural | nivuthile, nivuthē | enivuthile, enivuthē | nivuthile, nivuthē | anivuthanga | eningavuthanga | ningavuthanga |
| class 1 | uvuthile, uvuthē | ovuthile, ovuthē | evuthile, evuthē | akavuthanga | ongavuthanga | engavuthanga |
| class 2 | bavuthile, bavuthē | abavuthile, abavuthē | bevuthile, bevuthē | abavuthanga | abangavuthanga | bengavuthanga |
| class 3 | uvuthile, uvuthē | ovuthile, ovuthē | uvuthile, uvuthē | awuvuthanga | ongavuthanga | ungavuthanga |
| class 4 | ivuthile, ivuthē | evuthile, evuthē | ivuthile, ivuthē | ayivuthanga | engavuthanga | ingavuthanga |
| class 5 | livuthile, livuthē | elivuthile, elivuthē | livuthile, livuthē | alivuthanga | elingavuthanga | lingavuthanga |
| class 6 | avuthile, avuthē | avuthile, avuthē | evuthile, evuthē | awavuthanga | angavuthanga | engavuthanga |
| class 7 | sivuthile, sivuthē | esivuthile, esivuthē | sivuthile, sivuthē | asivuthanga | esingavuthanga | singavuthanga |
| class 8 | zivuthile, zivuthē | ezivuthile, ezivuthē | zivuthile, zivuthē | azivuthanga | ezingavuthanga | zingavuthanga |
| class 9 | ivuthile, ivuthē | evuthile, evuthē | ivuthile, ivuthē | ayivuthanga | engavuthanga | ingavuthanga |
| class 10 | zivuthile, zivuthē | ezivuthile, ezivuthē | zivuthile, zivuthē | azivuthanga | ezingavuthanga | zingavuthanga |
| class 11 | luvuthile, luvuthē | oluvuthile, oluvuthē | luvuthile, luvuthē | aluvuthanga | olungavuthanga | lungavuthanga |
| class 14 | buvuthile, buvuthē | obuvuthile, obuvuthē | buvuthile, buvuthē | abuvuthanga | obungavuthanga | bungavuthanga |
| class 15 | kuvuthile, kuvuthē | okuvuthile, okuvuthē | kuvuthile, kuvuthē | akuvuthanga | okungavuthanga | kungavuthanga |
| class 17 | kuvuthile, kuvuthē | okuvuthile, okuvuthē | kuvuthile, kuvuthē | akuvuthanga | okungavuthanga | kungavuthanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāvutha | engāvutha | ngāvutha | angivuthanga | engingavuthanga | ngingavuthanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvutha | owāvutha | wāvutha | awuvuthanga | ongavuthanga | ungavuthanga |
| 1st plural | sāvutha | esāvutha | sāvutha | asivuthanga | esingavuthanga | singavuthanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvutha | enāvutha | nāvutha | anivuthanga | eningavuthanga | ningavuthanga |
| class 1 | wāvutha | owāvutha | āvutha | akavuthanga | ongavuthanga | engavuthanga |
| class 2 | bāvutha | abāvutha | bāvutha | abavuthanga | abangavuthanga | bengavuthanga |
| class 3 | wāvutha | owāvutha | wāvutha | awuvuthanga | ongavuthanga | ungavuthanga |
| class 4 | yāvutha | eyāvutha | yāvutha | ayivuthanga | engavuthanga | ingavuthanga |
| class 5 | lāvutha | elāvutha | lāvutha | alivuthanga | elingavuthanga | lingavuthanga |
| class 6 | āvutha | āvutha | āvutha | awavuthanga | angavuthanga | engavuthanga |
| class 7 | sāvutha | esāvutha | sāvutha | asivuthanga | esingavuthanga | singavuthanga |
| class 8 | zāvutha | ezāvutha | zāvutha | azivuthanga | ezingavuthanga | zingavuthanga |
| class 9 | yāvutha | eyāvutha | yāvutha | ayivuthanga | engavuthanga | ingavuthanga |
| class 10 | zāvutha | ezāvutha | zāvutha | azivuthanga | ezingavuthanga | zingavuthanga |
| class 11 | lwāvutha | olwāvutha | lwāvutha | aluvuthanga | olungavuthanga | lungavuthanga |
| class 14 | bāvutha | obāvutha | bāvutha | abuvuthanga | obungavuthanga | bungavuthanga |
| class 15 | kwāvutha | okwāvutha | kwāvutha | akuvuthanga | okungavuthanga | kungavuthanga |
| class 17 | kwāvutha | okwāvutha | kwāvutha | akuvuthanga | okungavuthanga | kungavuthanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingavutha | — | ngingavutha | ngingevuthe | — | ngingevuthe |
| 2nd singular | ungavutha | — | ungavutha | ungevuthe | — | ungevuthe |
| 1st plural | singavutha | — | singavutha | singevuthe | — | singevuthe |
| 2nd plural | ningavutha | — | ningavutha | ningevuthe | — | ningevuthe |
| class 1 | angavutha | — | engavutha | angevuthe | — | engevuthe |
| class 2 | bangavutha | — | bengavutha | bangevuthe | — | bengevuthe |
| class 3 | ungavutha | — | ungavutha | ungevuthe | — | ungevuthe |
| class 4 | ingavutha | — | ingavutha | ingevuthe | — | ingevuthe |
| class 5 | lingavutha | — | lingavutha | lingevuthe | — | lingevuthe |
| class 6 | angavutha | — | engavutha | angevuthe | — | engevuthe |
| class 7 | singavutha | — | singavutha | singevuthe | — | singevuthe |
| class 8 | zingavutha | — | zingavutha | zingevuthe | — | zingevuthe |
| class 9 | ingavutha | — | ingavutha | ingevuthe | — | ingevuthe |
| class 10 | zingavutha | — | zingavutha | zingevuthe | — | zingevuthe |
| class 11 | lungavutha | — | lungavutha | lungevuthe | — | lungevuthe |
| class 14 | bungavutha | — | bungavutha | bungevuthe | — | bungevuthe |
| class 15 | kungavutha | — | kungavutha | kungevuthe | — | kungevuthe |
| class 17 | kungavutha | — | kungavutha | kungevuthe | — | kungevuthe |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizovutha | engizovutha | ngizovutha | angizuvutha | engingezuvutha | ngingezuvutha |
| 2nd singular | uzovutha | ozovutha | uzovutha | awuzuvutha | ongezuvutha | ungezuvutha |
| 1st plural | sizovutha | esizovutha | sizovutha | asizuvutha | esingezuvutha | singezuvutha |
| 2nd plural | nizovutha | enizovutha | nizovutha | anizuvutha | eningezuvutha | ningezuvutha |
| class 1 | uzovutha | ozovutha | ezovutha | akazuvutha | ongezuvutha | engezuvutha |
| class 2 | bazovutha | abazovutha | bezovutha | abazuvutha | abangezuvutha | bengezuvutha |
| class 3 | uzovutha | ozovutha | uzovutha | awuzuvutha | ongezuvutha | ungezuvutha |
| class 4 | izovutha | ezovutha | izovutha | ayizuvutha | engezuvutha | ingezuvutha |
| class 5 | lizovutha | elizovutha | lizovutha | alizuvutha | elingezuvutha | lingezuvutha |
| class 6 | azovutha | azovutha | ezovutha | awazuvutha | angezuvutha | engezuvutha |
| class 7 | sizovutha | esizovutha | sizovutha | asizuvutha | esingezuvutha | singezuvutha |
| class 8 | zizovutha | ezizovutha | zizovutha | azizuvutha | ezingezuvutha | zingezuvutha |
| class 9 | izovutha | ezovutha | izovutha | ayizuvutha | engezuvutha | ingezuvutha |
| class 10 | zizovutha | ezizovutha | zizovutha | azizuvutha | ezingezuvutha | zingezuvutha |
| class 11 | luzovutha | oluzovutha | luzovutha | aluzuvutha | olungezuvutha | lungezuvutha |
| class 14 | buzovutha | obuzovutha | buzovutha | abuzuvutha | obungezuvutha | bungezuvutha |
| class 15 | kuzovutha | okuzovutha | kuzovutha | akuzuvutha | okungezuvutha | kungezuvutha |
| class 17 | kuzovutha | okuzovutha | kuzovutha | akuzuvutha | okungezuvutha | kungezuvutha |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyovutha | engiyovutha | ngiyovutha | angiyuvutha | engingeyuvutha | ngingeyuvutha |
| 2nd singular | uyovutha | oyovutha | uyovutha | awuyuvutha | ongeyuvutha | ungeyuvutha |
| 1st plural | siyovutha | esiyovutha | siyovutha | asiyuvutha | esingeyuvutha | singeyuvutha |
| 2nd plural | niyovutha | eniyovutha | niyovutha | aniyuvutha | eningeyuvutha | ningeyuvutha |
| class 1 | uyovutha | oyovutha | eyovutha | akayuvutha | ongeyuvutha | engeyuvutha |
| class 2 | bayovutha | abayovutha | beyovutha | abayuvutha | abangeyuvutha | bengeyuvutha |
| class 3 | uyovutha | oyovutha | uyovutha | awuyuvutha | ongeyuvutha | ungeyuvutha |
| class 4 | iyovutha | eyovutha | iyovutha | ayiyuvutha | engeyuvutha | ingeyuvutha |
| class 5 | liyovutha | eliyovutha | liyovutha | aliyuvutha | elingeyuvutha | lingeyuvutha |
| class 6 | ayovutha | ayovutha | eyovutha | awayuvutha | angeyuvutha | engeyuvutha |
| class 7 | siyovutha | esiyovutha | siyovutha | asiyuvutha | esingeyuvutha | singeyuvutha |
| class 8 | ziyovutha | eziyovutha | ziyovutha | aziyuvutha | ezingeyuvutha | zingeyuvutha |
| class 9 | iyovutha | eyovutha | iyovutha | ayiyuvutha | engeyuvutha | ingeyuvutha |
| class 10 | ziyovutha | eziyovutha | ziyovutha | aziyuvutha | ezingeyuvutha | zingeyuvutha |
| class 11 | luyovutha | oluyovutha | luyovutha | aluyuvutha | olungeyuvutha | lungeyuvutha |
| class 14 | buyovutha | obuyovutha | buyovutha | abuyuvutha | obungeyuvutha | bungeyuvutha |
| class 15 | kuyovutha | okuyovutha | kuyovutha | akuyuvutha | okungeyuvutha | kungeyuvutha |
| class 17 | kuyovutha | okuyovutha | kuyovutha | akuyuvutha | okungeyuvutha | kungeyuvutha |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngivuthe | ngingavuthi | ||||
| 2nd singular | uvuthe | ungavuthi | ||||
| 1st plural | sivuthe | singavuthi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nivuthe | ningavuthi | ||||
| class 1 | avuthe | angavuthi | ||||
| class 2 | bavuthe | bangavuthi | ||||
| class 3 | uvuthe | ungavuthi | ||||
| class 4 | ivuthe | ingavuthi | ||||
| class 5 | livuthe | lingavuthi | ||||
| class 6 | avuthe | angavuthi | ||||
| class 7 | sivuthe | singavuthi | ||||
| class 8 | zivuthe | zingavuthi | ||||
| class 9 | ivuthe | ingavuthi | ||||
| class 10 | zivuthe | zingavuthi | ||||
| class 11 | luvuthe | lungavuthi | ||||
| class 14 | buvuthe | bungavuthi | ||||
| class 15 | kuvuthe | kungavuthi | ||||
| class 17 | kuvuthe | kungavuthi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngavutha | ngangavutha, angavutha, angangavutha | ||||
| 2nd singular | wavutha | wangavutha, awavutha, awangavutha | ||||
| 1st plural | savutha | sangavutha, asavutha, asangavutha | ||||
| 2nd plural | navutha | nangavutha, anavutha, anangavutha | ||||
| class 1 | wavutha | wangavutha, akavutha, akangavutha | ||||
| class 2 | bavutha | bangavutha, abavutha, abangavutha | ||||
| class 3 | wavutha | wangavutha, awavutha, awangavutha | ||||
| class 4 | yavutha | yangavutha, ayavutha, ayangavutha | ||||
| class 5 | lavutha | langavutha, alavutha, alangavutha | ||||
| class 6 | avutha | angavutha, awavutha, awangavutha | ||||
| class 7 | savutha | sangavutha, asavutha, asangavutha | ||||
| class 8 | zavutha | zangavutha, azavutha, azangavutha | ||||
| class 9 | yavutha | yangavutha, ayavutha, ayangavutha | ||||
| class 10 | zavutha | zangavutha, azavutha, azangavutha | ||||
| class 11 | lwavutha | lwangavutha, alwavutha, alwangavutha | ||||
| class 14 | bavutha | bangavutha, abavutha, abangavutha | ||||
| class 15 | kwavutha | kwangavutha, akwavutha, akwangavutha | ||||
| class 17 | kwavutha | kwangavutha, akwavutha, akwangavutha | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vutha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vutha (6.3)”