wḏꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /waˈc’aʀ//waˈt͡ʃʼaʀ//wəˈt͡ʃʼej//wəˈt͡ʃʼej/[1]

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) intact, sound, unhurt, in good condition
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 76–80:











      ꜥḥꜥ.n rdj.f wj m r(ꜣ).f jt.f wj r st.f nt snḏm wꜣḥ.f wj nn dmjt.j wḏꜣ.kw nn jtt jm.j
      Then he put me in his mouth, took me to his place of residence, and set me down without touching me, intact, without anything taken from me.
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 1.1:


      wḏꜣ snḏw ḥz mt
      The deferential man is sound; the scrupulous man is honored.
  2. (intransitive, with r or ḥr) to be(come) kept safe from, to be preserved in the face of (something evil) [Late Period and Greco-Roman Period]
  3. (intransitive, of matters, affairs, states) to be(come) in a good state or condition
  4. (intransitive, of roads) to be(come) passable, traversable
  5. (intransitive, mathematics) to be(come) left over in a calculation
  6. (transitive) to leave intact or sound [Greco-Roman Period]
Inflection
Conjugation of wḏꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wḏꜣ, geminated stem: wḏꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wḏꜣ
wḏꜣw, wḏꜣ
wḏꜣt
wḏꜣ
wḏꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wḏꜣ
ḥr wḏꜣ
m wḏꜣ
r wḏꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect wḏꜣ.n
consecutive wḏꜣ.jn
terminative wḏꜣt
perfective3 wḏꜣ
obligative1 wḏꜣ.ḫr
imperfective wḏꜣ
prospective3 wḏꜣ
potentialis1 wḏꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive wḏꜣ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect wḏꜣ.n
perfective wḏꜣ
wḏꜣ
wḏꜣ, wḏꜣw5, wḏꜣy5
imperfective wḏꜣ, wḏꜣy, wḏꜣw5
wḏꜣ, wḏꜣj6, wḏꜣy6
wḏꜣ, wḏꜣw5
prospective wḏꜣ, wḏꜣtj7
wḏꜣtj4, wḏꜣt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Demotic: wḏꜣ
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲉⲓ (oučei), ⲟⲩϫⲉⲉⲓ (oučeei), ⲟⲩϫⲉⲓⲧⲉ (oučeite)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ (oučai)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲉⲓ (oučei), ⲟⲩϫⲉⲉⲓ (oučeei), ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ (oučai)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲉⲉⲓ (oučeei)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ (oučai), ⲟⲩϫϩⲁⲓ (oučhai)

Noun

 m

  1. (uncountable) soundness, well-being
Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Descendants

See under the verb above.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːc’aʀ//ˈwaːtʼaʀ//ˈwiːtʼə//ˈwiːtʼə/[1]

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to go in procession, to proceed ceremoniously (+ r: to (a place))
  2. (intransitive) to go in general, to proceed, to make one’s way (+ r: to (a place); + n: to (a person); + ḥr: on (a path), through (a door))
  3. (intransitive) to pass on, to go along
  4. (intransitive, euphemistic) to pass on, to pass away, to die
  5. (intransitive, of the sun) to set
  6. (intransitive, imperative) come in!
  7. (transitive) to enter (a place) [Greco-Roman Period]
  8. (intransitive, with following r and infinitive) to go to do (something)
Inflection
Conjugation of wḏꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wḏꜣ, geminated stem: wḏꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wḏꜣ
wḏꜣw, wḏꜣ
wḏꜣt
wḏꜣ
wḏꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wḏꜣ
ḥr wḏꜣ
m wḏꜣ
r wḏꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect wḏꜣ.n
consecutive wḏꜣ.jn
terminative wḏꜣt
perfective3 wḏꜣ
obligative1 wḏꜣ.ḫr
imperfective wḏꜣ
prospective3 wḏꜣ
potentialis1 wḏꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive wḏꜣ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect wḏꜣ.n
perfective wḏꜣ
wḏꜣ
wḏꜣ, wḏꜣw5, wḏꜣy5
imperfective wḏꜣ, wḏꜣy, wḏꜣw5
wḏꜣ, wḏꜣj6, wḏꜣy6
wḏꜣ, wḏꜣw5
prospective wḏꜣ, wḏꜣtj7
wḏꜣtj4, wḏꜣt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Demotic: wṱ
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲧⲉ (ouite)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲓϯ (biti)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧⲓ (oueiti)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧⲉ (oueite), ⲟⲩⲓⲧⲉ (ouite), ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲧⲉ (oueete), ⲃⲓⲧⲉ (bite)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Compare Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language[1], Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 247.