wꜥb

Egyptian

FWOTD – 19 August 2017

Pronunciation

 
  • (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /waˈʕab/ → /waˈʕab/ → /wəˈʕab/ → /wəˈʕap/
 
  • (noun): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwiːʕab/ → /ˈwiːʕab/ → /ˈweːʕəb/ → /ˈweːʕəβ/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) pure or clean
    • c. 13th Dynasty, Naos of Hori, Kunsthistorisches Museum 186, Vienna:

      ḫt nbt nfrt wꜥbt ꜥnḫt nṯr jm
      […] all things good and pure on which a god lives.
  2. (reflexive) to purify or bathe (oneself)

Inflection

Conjugation of wꜥb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜥb, geminated stem: wꜥbb
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wꜥb
 wꜥbw, wꜥb
 wꜥbt
 wꜥb
 wꜥb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wꜥb
 ḥr wꜥb
 m wꜥb
 r wꜥb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect wꜥb.n
 wꜥbw, wꜥb
 consecutive wꜥb.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative wꜥbt
perfective3 wꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 wꜥb.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective wꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 wꜥb
 wꜥbb
 potentialis1 wꜥb.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive wꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect wꜥb.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective wꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 wꜥb
 wꜥb, wꜥbw5, wꜥby5
imperfective wꜥb, wꜥby, wꜥbw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 wꜥb, wꜥbj6, wꜥby6
 wꜥb, wꜥbw5
prospective wꜥb, wꜥbtj7
 — wꜥbtj4, wꜥbt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲡ (ouap)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟⲡ (ouop)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲃ† (ouab†)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ† (oueeb†), ⲟⲩⲉⲃ† (oueb†), ⲟⲩⲉϥ† (ouef†), ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ† (ouēēb†)

Adjective
  1. perfective active participle of wꜥb: pure, clean

Inflection

Declension of wꜥb (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular wꜥb
 wꜥbt
dual wꜥbwj
 wꜥbtj
plural wꜥbw
 wꜥbwt1, wꜥbt2
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Noun

 m

  1. the lowest level of priest, literally a “cleaner”, responsible for cleaning and purifying the temple and preparing ritual offerings
    • c. 2015 B.C.E., Meru, Stela of Meru (Turin 1447), textfield lines 2-4:


















      j ꜥnḫw tp(j)w tꜣ
      wnnt(j).s⟨n⟩ m šmsw n(j) ḫnt(j)-jmntjw n(j) wp-wꜣwt mrrw ꜥnḫ msḏḏw ḫpt
      wꜥbw nw nṯr-ꜥꜣ ḥmw-nṯr nbw nw ꜣbḏw
      O living ones who are on the earth,
      who will be in the retinue of Khentamentiu and Wepwawet, who love life and hate dying,
      cleaner-priests of the elder god and all priests of Abydos!

Inflection

Declension of wꜥb (masculine)
singular wꜥb
dual wꜥbwj
plural wꜥbw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥb  
wꜥb wꜥb

Descendants

References

  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 58, 62, 74, 118, 362.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 41, 54
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 30, 41
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