ysu

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *essi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate with Old Irish ·estar, present subjunctive form of ithid (“to eat”).

Pronunciation

Verb

ysu (first-person singular present ysaf)

  1. to consume, devour
  2. to erode, corrode
  3. to yearn, hanker
  4. to itch

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future ysaf ysi ysa yswn yswch ysant ysir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		yswn ysit ysai ysem ysech ysent ysid
preterite ysais ysaist ysodd ysasom ysasoch ysasant yswyd
pluperfect ysaswn ysasit ysasai ysasem ysasech ysasent ysasid, ysesid
present subjunctive yswyf ysych yso ysom ysoch ysont yser
imperative — ysa ysed yswn yswch ysent yser
verbal noun ysu
verbal adjectives ysedig
ysadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future ysa i,
ysaf i 		ysi di ysith o/e/hi,
ysiff e/hi 		yswn ni yswch chi ysan nhw
conditional yswn i,
ysswn i 		yset ti,
ysset ti 		ysai fo/fe/hi,
yssai fo/fe/hi 		ysen ni,
yssen ni 		ysech chi,
yssech chi 		ysen nhw,
yssen nhw
preterite ysais i,
yses i 		ysaist ti,
ysest ti 		ysodd o/e/hi yson ni ysoch chi yson nhw
imperative — ysa — — yswch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • ysfa (“an itch”)
  • ysol (“devouring, consuming”)
  • ysor (“devourer, consumer”)
  • ysydd (“devourer, consumer”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of ysu
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ysu unchanged unchanged hysu

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ysaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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