Using "this" and "self" in PHP

Question

Use $this to refer to the current object. Use self to refer to the current class. In other words, use $this->member for non-static members, use self::$member for static members.

http://board.phpbuilder.com/showthread.php?10354489-RESOLVED-php-class-quot-this-quot-or-quot-self-quot-keyword

class Demo
{
    private static $name;
    private $age;

    public function __construct($name, $age) 
    {
        self::$name = $name;
        $this->age=$age;
    }   

    public function show()
    {       
        echo "Name : ", self::$name, "<br/>";   //Accessing by self
        echo "Name : ", Demo::$name, "<br/>";   //Accessing by class name 
        echo "Age  : ", $this->age, "<br/>";    
    } 
}

$demo = new Demo("Tiny", 13);
$demo->show();

This produces the following output.

Name : Tiny
Name : Tiny
Age : 13

What is the difference between self::$name and Demo::$name in the preceding snippet?

class Person1
{
    private $name;
    private $address;

    public function __construct($name,$address)
    {
        $this->name = $name;
        $this->address = $address;
    }

    public function show()
    {
        echo "Name    : ", $this->name, "<br/>";    
        echo "Address : ", $this->address, "<br/>";  //Accessing by this
    }
}

$p1=new Person1("xxx", "yyy");
$p1->show();

class Person2
{
    private $name;
    private $address;

    public function __construct($name,$address)
    {
        self::$name = $name;
        self::$address = $address;
    }

    public function show()
    {
        echo "Name    : ", self::$name, "<br/>";    
        echo "Address : ", self::$address, "<br/>"; //Accessing by self 
    }
}

$p2=new Person1("xxx", "yyy");
$p2->show();

Preceding two classes Person1 and Person2 produce the same output as follows.

Name : xxx
Address : yyy

What is the difference between (as in the Preson1 class, the show() method)

$this->name;
$this->address;

and (as in the Preson2 class, the show() method)

self::$name;
self::$address;

in this context?

In **[this link](http://stackoverflow.com/a/1189663/170194)**, you'll find an explanation. — rubber boots, Jul 23 '12 at 17:26

Rhys · Accepted Answer · 2012-07-23T18:03:05.123

Using Demo::$name and self::$name from within the Demo class is, in effect, the same. You can access it by name due to the fact that the the variable is static and accessible, just like you'd be able to access a public static variable from a different class using the classes' name, for example.

So in that case, accessing by name is mostly just a by-product of being able to access any public static variable from an accessible class.

The second output produces the same as the first because you're apparently creating a new Person1 object, not a Person2 object (see: $p2=new Person1("xxx", "yyy");)

If you were to create a Person2 object, then you'd get an error, because you can't assign values to a static variable that hasn't been declared (you've got object-level variables in name and address, but not static). If you declared them as static, then you'd get the same output from the modified show method due to the fact that it's using a static call.

If you're not sure what the difference between object (read: instance) variables and static variables are, then i encourage you to partake in some Googling, but basically static variables exist at the class level, not the object level, and are accessible from any class method or object of the specified type (so if you had 100 instances of Person2 they'd all have access to the same name variable, for example), whereas instance variables are unique to the individual object itself.

That was indeed a mistake I made and it was a major source of my confusion. Thanks very much. — Tiny, Jul 23 '12 at 23:31

score 1 · Answer 2 · answered Jul 23 '12 at 17:52

1

In your first example self::$name and Demo::$name are effectively the same if used inside the Demo class.

Your second example should result in an error, since you haven't declared static $name and $address properties and are accessing them. It works in your case because you're creating an instance of Person1 (possibly unintentionally):

$p2=new Person1("xxx", "yyy");

answered Jul 23 '12 at 17:52

galymzhan

5,505
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That was indeed a mistake I made and it was a major source of my confusion. Thanks very much. – Tiny Jul 23 '12 at 23:31

Using "this" and "self" in PHP

2 Answers2