What you are trying is not possible with current structure of your html. There is no such thing as a parent selector. There is a sibling selector though, wich could be used to accomplish what you are after. First you would have to restructure your html to something like this:
<div>
<input name="radio-group1" id="box1" type="radio" />
<label class="big" for="box1">
This is a box 1</label>
</div>
<div >
<input name="radio-group1" id="box2" type="radio" class='sex' />
<label class="big" for="box2" >
This is a box 2</label>
</div>
I made label and input siblings in stead of parent/child. They will still work the same thanks to their id and for attributes. I also changed their order to be able to use the next sibling selector. The extra div is required to do some absolute positioning to put them back in the same order you had in your fiddle.
Next i added a few lines of css. The real magic happens here:
div input:checked+label {
border: 1px solid red;
}
This will selected all 'next sibling' of an input that is checked and has a div as a parent. You could further finetune this to only work on radio's and in reality i would add a class to the wrapper div, but this is just a 'proof of concept'.
The rest of the css i added is just some positioning to mimic the layout you had in your example. This will also need some finetuning.
The working example is here: http://jsfiddle.net/QqVCu/14/