Why does calloc require two parameters and malloc just one?

Question

It's very bothersome for me to write calloc(1, sizeof(MyStruct)) all the time. I don't want to use an idea like wrapping this method and etc. I mean I want to know what two parameters gives me? If it gives something, why doesn't mallochave two parameters too?

By the way, I searched for an answer to this question but I didn't find a really good answer. Those answers was that calloc can allocate larger blocks than malloc can and etc.

I saw another answer that calloc allocates an array. With malloc I can multiply and I'll get an array and I can use it without 1, at the start.

Answer 1

Historical reasons.

At the time of when calloc was introduced, the malloc function didn't exist and the calloc function would provide the correct alignment for one element object.

When malloc was introduced afterwards, it was decided the memory returned would be properly aligned for any use (which costs more memory) and so only one parameter was necessary. The API for calloc was not changed but calloc now also returns memory properly aligned for any use.

EDIT:

See the discussion in the comments and the interesting input from @JimBalter.

My first statement regarding the introduction of malloc and calloc may be totally wrong.

Also the real reasons could also be well unrelated to alignment. C history has been changed a lot by compiler implementers. malloc and calloc could come from different groups / compilers implementers and this would explain the API difference. And I actually favor this explanation as the real reason.

Answer 2

The only reason I could come up with is that

int *foo = calloc(42, sizeof *foo);

is one character shorter than

int *foo = malloc(42 * sizeof *foo);

The real reason is apparently lost to the millennia centuries decades of C history and needs a programming language archaeologist to unearth, but might be related to the following fact:

In contrast to malloc() - which needs to return a memory block aligned in accordance to the full block size - when using calloc() as intended, the memory block would only need to be aligned in accordance to the size passed as second argument. However, the C standard forbids this optimization in conforming implementations.

Answer 3

it is just by design.

you could write your own calloc

void *mycalloc(size_t num, size_t size)
{
    void *block = malloc(num * size);
    if(block != NULL)
        memset(block, 0, num * size);
    return block;
}

Answer 4

You shouldn't allocate objects with calloc (or malloc or anything like that). Even though calloc zero-initializes it, the object is still hasn't been constructed as far as C++ is concerned. Use constructors for that:

class MyClass
{
private:
    short m_a;
    int m_b;
    long m_c;
    float m_d;

public:
    MyClass() : m_a(0), m_b(0), m_c(0), m_d(0.0) {}
};

And then instantiate it with new (or on the stack if you can):

MyClass* mc = new MyClass();