Further to Julien's answer - a simple way to achieve this is to use QQuickWidget to display the QML scene, and then add a regular QWidget as a child of the QQuickWidget. You can also add a simple intermediate QObject to anchor the QWidget to an item in the scene. 
E.g.:
In main.qml:
Item {
    ... // layouts, extra items, what have you
        Item
        {
            objectName: "layoutItem"
            anchors.fill: parent
        }
    ... // more layouts, extra items, etc.
}
widgetanchor.h:
class WidgetAnchor: public QObject
{
    ptr<QWidget> _pWidget;
    QPointer<QQuickItem> _pQuickItem;
public:
    WidgetAnchor(QWidget* pWidget, QQuickItem* pItem)
        : QObject(pWidget), _pWidget(pWidget), _pQuickItem(pItem)
    {
        connect(_pQuickItem, &QQuickItem::xChanged, this, &WidgetAnchor::updateGeometry);
        connect(_pQuickItem, &QQuickItem::yChanged, this, &WidgetAnchor::updateGeometry);
        connect(_pQuickItem, &QQuickItem::widthChanged, this, &WidgetAnchor::updateGeometry);
        connect(_pQuickItem, &QQuickItem::heightChanged, this, &WidgetAnchor::updateGeometry);
        updateGeometry();
    }
private:
    void updateGeometry()
    {
        if (_pQuickItem)
        {
            QRectF r = _pQuickItem->mapRectToItem(0, QRectF(_pQuickItem->x(), _pQuickItem->y(), _pQuickItem->width(), _pQuickItem->height()));
            _pWidget->setGeometry(r.toRect());
        }
    }
};
In main.cpp:
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication app(argc, argv);
    auto pqw = new QQuickWidget;
    pqw->setSource(QUrl::fromLocalFile("main.qml"));
    pqw->setResizeMode(QQuickWidget::SizeRootObjectToView);
    pqw->setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose);
    auto pOwt = new MyWidget(pqw);
    if (auto pOverlayItem = pqw->rootObject()->findChild<QQuickItem*>("overlayItem"))
        new WidgetAnchor(pOwt, pOverlayItem);
    pqw->show();
    return app.exec();
}
The documentation states that using QQuickWidget has advantages over QQuickView and QWidget::createWindowContainer, such as no restrictions on stacking order, but has a 'minor performance hit'.
Hope that helps.