I'm sure there are more efficient ways, but you can:
NSArray *strings = @[@"¥1,234",@"AU$3,456.78",@"56.78€"];
NSCharacterSet *nonNumbersSet = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789."] invertedSet];
for (NSString *string in strings)
{
    NSString *result = [string stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:nonNumbersSet]; 
    result = [result stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"," withString:@""]; 
    CGFloat floatResult = [result floatValue];
    NSLog(@"%@ -> %.2f", result, floatResult);
}
or, you can use a scanner:
NSArray *strings = @[@"¥1,234",@"AU$3,456.78",@"56.78€"];
NSCharacterSet *numbersSet = [NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789.,"];
for (NSString *string in strings)
{
    NSString *result;
    NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:string];
    [scanner scanUpToCharactersFromSet:numbersSet intoString:nil];
    [scanner scanCharactersFromSet:numbersSet intoString:&result];
    result = [result stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"," withString:@""];
    CGFloat floatResult = [result floatValue];
    NSLog(@"%@ -> %.2f", result, floatResult);
}
These, of course, assume that numbers are using commas as the thousands separator.
You can also use a NSNumberFormatter:
NSArray *strings = @[@"¥1,234",@"AU$3,456.78",@"56.78€"];
NSCharacterSet *nonNumbersSet = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789.,"] invertedSet];
for (NSString *string in strings)
{
    NSNumberFormatter *formatter = [[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init];
    formatter.numberStyle = NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle;
    NSString *result = [string stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:nonNumbersSet];
    NSNumber *numberResult = [formatter numberFromString:result];
    NSLog(@"%@ -> %.2f", result, [numberResult floatValue]);
}