Programs don't send "files" to a printer. In the case of PostScript and PCL printers, programs send commands to the printer, such as "draw text "foobar" at point (10,23)".
Modern (especially cheaper) printers in the past 17 years or so, are often GDI printers, where programs use Windows' GDI functions to "draw" the printed page to a raster buffer which is then sent to the printer, which makes the printers cheaper as they don't need a command interpreter and processor built-in.
So to answer your question, "no", you cannot access files that are going to print, because they don't exist.