You can use a python package called Watchdog.
This example shows monitoring the current directory recursively for file system changes, and logging any to the console:
import time
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler
if __name__ == "__main__":
    event_handler = LoggingEventHandler()
    observer = Observer()
    observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.', recursive=True)
    observer.start()
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        observer.stop()
    observer.join()
You could use this in conjunction with Ignacio's answer - use file_pointer.tell() to get the current position in the file, and then seek() there next time, and read the remainder of the file. For example:
# First time
with open('current.csv', 'r') as f:
    data = f.readlines()
    last_pos = f.tell() 
# Second time
with open('current.csv', 'r') as f:
    f.seek(last_pos)
    new_data = f.readlines()
    last_pos = f.tell()