After you have installed the package into your system as detailed in the related  question install the extension dblink into your database (the one you are running this code in, the foreign db does not need it):
CREATE EXTENSION dblink;
You can find code examples in the manual.
Here is a simple version of what I use to copy data between dbs:
First, create a FOREIGN SERVER
CREATE SERVER mydb
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql
OPTIONS (hostaddr '111.111.111.111',port '5432',dbname 'mydb');
FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql was pre-installed in my case.
Then create function that opens a connection, removes old data (opotional), fetches new data, runs ANALYZE and closes the connection:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_tbl_sync()
  RETURNS text AS
$BODY$
SELECT dblink_connect('mydb');  -- USER MAPPING for postgres, PW in .pgpass
TRUNCATE tbl;  -- optional
INSERT INTO tbl
SELECT * FROM dblink(
  'SELECT tbl_id, x, y
   FROM   tbl
   ORDER  BY tbl_id')
    AS b(
 tbl_id int
,x int
,y int)
ANALYZE tbl;
SELECT dblink_disconnect();
$BODY$
  LANGUAGE sql VOLATILE;