step1ab() is a method of the class PorterStemmer within the nltk.stem.porter module. So you can call it like this:
myPorterStemmer = nltk.stem.porter.PorterStemmer()
...
myPorterStemmer.step1ab()
However, it's not really designed to be called directly. One would usually call myPorterStemmer.stem(word), which would then delegate to step1ab() to do part of the work.
If you really want to use step1ab in isolation though, you would have to set a bunch of variables and you'd get something like this:
>>> word = "countries"
>>> myStemmer = nltk.stem.porter.PorterStemmer()
>>> myStemmer.b = word
>>> myStemmer.k = len(word) - 1
>>> myStemmer.k0 = 0
>>> myStemmer.step1ab()
>>> myStemmer.b[myStemmer.k0:myStemmer.k+1]
'countri'