They key is to access the document object of the CKE iframe. Then you just vomit a CSS link to the head of the document without touching the config. Example is from https://stackoverflow.com/a/577002/694325
I am assuming that you use "editor1" for the name, but use whatever you have..
var doc = CKEDITOR.instances.editor1.document.$; // get CKE doc!
var cssId = 'myCss';
if (!doc.getElementById(cssId))
{
    var head  = doc.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
    var link  = doc.createElement('link');
    link.id   = cssId;
    link.rel  = 'stylesheet';
    link.type = 'text/css';
    link.href = 'http://my.little.pony.net/Your.css';
    link.media = 'all';
    head.appendChild(link);
}
Or you could jQuery it if you are into that kind of stuff (https://stackoverflow.com/a/2685661/694325)
var doc = CKEDITOR.instances.editor1.document.$; // shortcut
$("<link/>", {
   rel: "stylesheet",
   type: "text/css",
   href: "http://my.little.pony.net/Your.css"
}).appendTo($(doc).find("head"));