Does python logging flush every log?

Question

When I write a log to file using the standard module logging, will each log be flushed to disk separately? For example, will the following code flush log by 10 times?

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, filename='debug.log')
    for i in xrange(10):
        logging.debug("test")

if so, will it slow down ?

score 75 · Accepted Answer · edited Dec 22 '16 at 08:29

Yes, it does flush the output at every call. You can see this in the source code for the StreamHandler:

def flush(self):
    """
    Flushes the stream.
    """
    self.acquire()
    try:
        if self.stream and hasattr(self.stream, "flush"):
            self.stream.flush()
    finally:
        self.release()

def emit(self, record):
    """
    Emit a record.

    If a formatter is specified, it is used to format the record.
    The record is then written to the stream with a trailing newline.  If
    exception information is present, it is formatted using
    traceback.print_exception and appended to the stream.  If the stream
    has an 'encoding' attribute, it is used to determine how to do the
    output to the stream.
    """
    try:
        msg = self.format(record)
        stream = self.stream
        stream.write(msg)
        stream.write(self.terminator)
        self.flush()   # <---
    except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit): #pragma: no cover
        raise
    except:
        self.handleError(record)

I wouldn't really mind about the performance of logging, at least not before profiling and discovering that it is a bottleneck. Anyway you can always create a Handler subclass that doesn't perform flush at every call to emit(even though you will risk to lose a lot of logs if a bad exception occurs/the interpreter crashes).

Isn't `flush()` method coming from the [ancestor class](https://docs.python.org/2/library/logging.handlers.html#module-logging.handlers) with empty body? Is `flush()` method for `StreamHandler()` overriding it? — akhan, Dec 21 '16 at 23:01
@akhan [Yes.](https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/3.5/Lib/logging/__init__.py#l958) — Bakuriu, Dec 22 '16 at 07:45

fakeProgrammer · Answer 2 · 2022-03-10T06:14:03.473

In order to buffer logging messages and output them conditionally, you can use a MemoryHandler to decorate the target Handler (i.e. FileHandler or StreamHandler). The signature is logging.handlers.MemoryHandler(capacity, flushLevel=ERROR, target=None, flushOnClose=True) with the argument capacity specifying the buffer size (number of records buffered).

file_handler = logging.FileHandler('test.log', mode='a')
memory_handler = MemoryHandler(capacity, flushLevel=logging.ERROR, target=file_handler, flushOnClose=True)
logger.addHandler(memory_handler)

You can check the source code for the MemoryHandler:

def shouldFlush(self, record):
    """
    Check for buffer full or a record at the flushLevel or higher.
    """
    return (len(self.buffer) >= self.capacity) or \
            (record.levelno >= self.flushLevel)

def flush(self):
    """
    For a MemoryHandler, flushing means just sending the buffered
    records to the target, if there is one. Override if you want
    different behaviour.

    The record buffer is also cleared by this operation.
    """
    self.acquire()
    try:
        if self.target:
            for record in self.buffer:
                self.target.handle(record)
            self.buffer = []
    finally:
        self.release()

def close(self):
    """
    Flush, if appropriately configured, set the target to None and lose the
    buffer.
    """
    try:
        if self.flushOnClose:
            self.flush()
    finally:
        self.acquire()
        try:
            self.target = None
            BufferingHandler.close(self)
        finally:
            self.release()

For more details, have a look at the corresponding section of python logging cookbook.

Does python logging flush every log?

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