Please try with the below code snippet.
ASPX
 <telerik:RadGrid ID="RadGrid1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" OnNeedDataSource="RadGrid1_NeedDataSource"
    OnItemCommand="RadGrid1_ItemCommand">
    <MasterTableView DataKeyNames="ID">
        <Columns>
            <telerik:GridBoundColumn DataField="ID" UniqueName="ID" HeaderText="ID">
            </telerik:GridBoundColumn>
            <telerik:GridBoundColumn DataField="ID" UniqueName="ID1" HeaderText="ID" Visible="false">
            </telerik:GridBoundColumn>
            <telerik:GridBoundColumn DataField="ID" UniqueName="ID2" HeaderText="ID" Display="false">
            </telerik:GridBoundColumn>
            <telerik:GridTemplateColumn>
                <ItemTemplate>
                    <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" CommandName="Detail" CommandArgument='<%# Eval("ID") %>' />
                </ItemTemplate>
            </telerik:GridTemplateColumn>
        </Columns>
    </MasterTableView>
</telerik:RadGrid>
ASPX.CS
protected void RadGrid1_NeedDataSource(object sender, GridNeedDataSourceEventArgs e)
{
    dynamic data = new[] {
        new { ID = 1, Name ="Name1"},
        new { ID = 2, Name = "Name2"},
        new { ID = 3, Name = "Name3"},
         new { ID = 4, Name = "Name4"},
        new { ID = 5, Name = "Name5"}
    };
    RadGrid1.DataSource = data;
}
protected void RadGrid1_ItemCommand(object sender, GridCommandEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.CommandName == "Detail")
    {
        GridDataItem item = e.Item as GridDataItem;
        string strID = item.GetDataKeyValue("ID").ToString(); // We are able to get ID field value here
        string strID1 = item["ID1"].Text; // We are NOT able to get ID field value here Because column is Visible false
        string strID2 = item["ID2"].Text; // We are able to get ID field value here
        string strCommandArgument = e.CommandArgument.ToString(); // We are able to get ID field value here
    }
}
Please use Display property in place-of Visible property.