What is the view called (I refer to it as a 'map detail view'), and is it possible to create an instance of it with my own data and my own custom buttons?

What is the view called (I refer to it as a 'map detail view'), and is it possible to create an instance of it with my own data and my own custom buttons?

AFAIK, this isn't a system view exposed to developers in the iOS SDK. There may be 3rd-party equivalents however I have never seen one.
Check out the list of classes for MapKit here http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/MapKit/Reference/MapKit_Framework_Reference/_index.html
This question may help you too: New foursquare venue detail map. Although not identical, I think it explains how that cool effect on the top works.