If you want to persist data between actual HTML pages and not routes within a single page, you could use LocalStorage. Here is a service that will make that a little easier.
Another approach would be to use cookies. You can read more about using cookies in Angular here.
If you are wanting to persist the data across different routes, you will need to create a shared service. Here is an example of such an approach:
<div ng-app="myApp">
    <a href="#one">one</a> | <a href="#two">two</a>
    <div ng-view></div>
    <script id="one.html" type="text/ng-template"><div><h1>Template One</h1>foo = {{shared.foo}}</div></script>
    <script id="two.html" type="text/ng-template"><div><h1>Template Two</h1>foo = {{shared.foo}}</div></script>
</div>
angular.module('myApp', []).
config(function($routeProvider){
    $routeProvider.
    when('/one', {templateUrl: 'one.html', controller: 'OneCrtl'}).
    when('/two', {templateUrl: 'two.html', controller: 'TwoCrtl'}).
    otherwise({redirectTo: '/one'});
}).
service('sharedService', [function() {
  this.foo = 'bar';
}]).
controller('OneCrtl', function($scope, sharedService){
    $scope.shared = sharedService
}).
controller('TwoCrtl', function($scope, sharedService){
    $scope.shared = sharedService
});
Here's a fiddle.