Detect backspace in empty UITextField

Question

Is there any way to detect when the Backspace/Delete key is pressed in the iPhone keyboard on a UITextField that is empty? I want to know when Backspace is pressed only if the UITextField is empty.

---

Based on the suggestion from @Alex Reynolds in a comment, I've added the following code while creating my text field:

[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
          selector:@selector(handleTextFieldChanged:)
              name:UITextFieldTextDidChangeNotification
            object:searchTextField];

This notification is received (handleTextFieldChanged function is called), but still not when I press the Backspace key in an empty field. Any ideas?

---

There seems to be some confusion around this question. I want to receive a notification when the Backspace key is pressed. That's it. But the solution must also work when the UITextField is already empty.

Answer 1

Swift 4:

---

Subclass UITextField:

// MyTextField.swift
import UIKit

protocol MyTextFieldDelegate: AnyObject {
    func textFieldDidDelete()
}

class MyTextField: UITextField {

    weak var myDelegate: MyTextFieldDelegate?

    override func deleteBackward() {
        super.deleteBackward()
        myDelegate?.textFieldDidDelete()
    }

}

Implementation:

// ViewController.swift

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, MyTextFieldDelegate {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // initialize textField
        let input = MyTextField(frame: CGRect(x: 50, y: 50, width: 150, height: 40))

        // set viewController as "myDelegate"
        input.myDelegate = self

        // add textField to view
        view.addSubview(input)

        // focus the text field
        input.becomeFirstResponder()
    }

    func textFieldDidDelete() {
        print("delete")
    }

}

---

Objective-C:

---

Subclass UITextField:

//Header
//MyTextField.h

//create delegate protocol
@protocol MyTextFieldDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)textFieldDidDelete;
@end

@interface MyTextField : UITextField<UIKeyInput>

//create "myDelegate"
@property (nonatomic, assign) id<MyTextFieldDelegate> myDelegate;
@end

//Implementation
#import "MyTextField.h"

@implementation MyTextField

- (void)deleteBackward {
    [super deleteBackward];

    if ([_myDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(textFieldDidDelete)]){
        [_myDelegate textFieldDidDelete];
    }
}

@end

Now simply add MyTextFieldDelegate to your UIViewController and set your UITextFields myDelegate to self:

//View Controller Header
#import "MyTextField.h"

//add "MyTextFieldDelegate" to you view controller
@interface ViewController : UIViewController <MyTextFieldDelegate>
@end

//View Controller Implementation
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    //initialize your text field
    MyTextField *input = 
     [[MyTextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 70, 30)];

    //set your view controller as "myDelegate"
    input.myDelegate = self;

    //add your text field to the view
    [self.view addSubview:input];
}

//MyTextField Delegate
- (void)textFieldDidDelete {
    NSLog(@"delete");
}

Answer 2

Update: See JacobCaraballo's answer for an example that overrides -[UITextField deleteBackward].

Check out UITextInput, specifically UIKeyInput has a deleteBackward delegate method that always gets called when the delete key is pressed. If you're doing something simple, then you might consider just subclassing UILabel and making it conform to the UIKeyInput protocol, as done by SimpleTextInput and this iPhone UIKeyInput Example. Note: UITextInput and its relatives (including UIKeyInput) are only available in iOS 3.2 and later.

Answer 3

This may be a long shot but it could work. Try setting the text field's text to a zero width space character \u200B. When backspace is pressed on a text field that appears empty, it will actually delete your space. Then you can just reinsert the space.

May not work if the user manages to move the caret to the left of the space.

Answer 4

Code like following:

@interface MyTextField : UITextField
@end

@implementation MyTextField

- (void)deleteBackward
{
    [super deleteBackward];

    //At here, you can handle backspace key pressed event even the text field is empty
}

@end

At last, do forget to change the Custom Class property of the Text Field to "MyTextField"

Answer 5

Swift implementation:

import UIKit

// Extend from PinTextFieldDelegate instead of UITextFieldDelegate in your class
protocol PinTextFieldDelegate : UITextFieldDelegate {
    func didPressBackspace(_ textField: PinTextField)
}

class PinTextField: UITextField {

    override func deleteBackward() {
        super.deleteBackward()

        // If conforming to our extension protocol
        if let pinDelegate = self.delegate as? PinTextFieldDelegate {
            pinDelegate.didPressBackspace(self)
        }
    }
}

Answer 6

I've founded other way easier than subclass solution. Even its little bit strange but it works ok.

- (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView 
        shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range 
        replacementText:(NSString *)text
{
    const char * _char = [text cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    int isBackSpace = strcmp(_char, "\b");

    if (isBackSpace == -8) {
       // is backspace
    }

    return YES;
}

It's a little bit strange for result of compare is -8. Maybe I'll wrong in some point of C Programming. But its right work ;)

Answer 7

please use below code it will help you to detect keyboard delete key even if you textfield is empty.

Objective C :

- (BOOL)keyboardInputShouldDelete:(UITextField *)textField { return YES; }

Swift :

func keyboardInputShouldDelete(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool { return true }

Answer 8

Try the delegate

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField 
        shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range 
        replacementString:(NSString *)string {

Then check if the range.length == 1 which seems to be the case when backspace is hit.

Answer 9

Niklas Alvaeus's answer helped me out with a similar issue

I was limiting entry to a specific character set, but it was ignoring backspaces. So I had it check range.length == 1 before trimming the NSString. If it is true, I just return the string and don't trim it. See below

 - (BOOL) textField:(UITextField *)textField 
          shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range 
          replacementString:(NSString *)string
 {
     NSCharacterSet *nonNumberSet = 
      [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:@"0123456789."] 
         invertedSet];

    if (range.length == 1) {
       return string;
    }
    else {
       return ([string stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:nonNumberSet].length > 0);
    }   
 }

Answer 10

Yup, use below method to detect backspace, when textField is empty.

Need to add UITextFieldDelegate

yourTextField.delegate = self (MUST REQUIRED)

Swift:

func keyboardInputShouldDelete(_ textField: UITextField) -> Bool { 
    return true
}

Objective C:

- (BOOL)keyboardInputShouldDelete:(UITextField *)textField { 
    return YES; 
}

Answer 11

For the ones who has problems about the Jacob's answer I implemented my textfield subclass as following and it works great!

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@class HTTextField;

@protocol HTBackspaceDelegate <NSObject>

@optional
- (void)textFieldDidBackspace:(HTTextField*)textField;
@end

@interface HTTextField : UITextField<UIKeyInput>

@property (nonatomic, assign) id<HTBackspaceDelegate> backspaceDelegate;

@end


#import "HTTextField.h"

@implementation HTTextField

- (void)deleteBackward {
    [super deleteBackward];
    if ([self.backspaceDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(textFieldDidBackspace:)]){
        [self.backspaceDelegate textFieldDidBackspace:self];
    }
}

- (BOOL)keyboardInputShouldDelete:(UITextField *)textField {
    BOOL shouldDelete = YES;

    if ([UITextField instancesRespondToSelector:_cmd]) {
        BOOL (*keyboardInputShouldDelete)(id, SEL, UITextField *) = (BOOL (*)(id, SEL, UITextField *))[UITextField instanceMethodForSelector:_cmd];

        if (keyboardInputShouldDelete) {
            shouldDelete = keyboardInputShouldDelete(self, _cmd, textField);
        }
    }

    if (![textField.text length] && [[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] intValue] >= 8) {
        [self deleteBackward];
    }

    return shouldDelete;
}

@end

Answer 12

The best use that I have found for detecting backspace is detecting when the user has pressed backspace in an empty UITextField. For example, if you have 'bubbled' recipients in the mail app, when you hit backspace in the UITextField, it selects the last 'bubbled' recipient.

This can be done in a similar way to Jacob Caraballo's answer. But in Jacob's answer, if the UITextField has one character left when you hit backspace, by the time the delegate message is received, the UITextField will already be empty, so you're effectively detecting backspace on a text field with at most one characters.

Actually, if you want to detect backspace on a UITextField with exactly zero characters (empty), then you should send the message to the delegate before the call to super deleteBackward. For example:

#import "MyTextField.h"

//Text field that detects when backspace is hit with empty text
@implementation MyTextField

#pragma mark - UIKeyInput protocol
-(void)deleteBackward
{
  BOOL isTextFieldEmpty = (self.text.length == 0);
  if (isTextFieldEmpty) {
    if ([self.delegate 
         respondsToSelector:@selector(textFieldDidHitBackspaceWithEmptyText:)]) {

        [self.delegate textFieldDidHitBackspaceWithEmptyText:self];
        }
    }
    [super deleteBackward];
}
@end

The interface for such a text field would look something like this:

@protocol MyTextFieldDelegate;

@interface MyTextField : UITextField
@property(nonatomic, weak) id<MyTextFieldDelegate> delegate;
@end

@protocol MyTextFieldDelegate <UITextFieldDelegate>
@optional
-(void)textFieldDidHitBackspaceWithEmptyText:(MyTextField *)textField;
@end

Answer 13

In iOS 6, the deleteBackward method is called on the UITextField when backspace is pressed, including when the field is empty. So you can subclass UITextField and provide your own deleteBackward implementation (invoking super's as well.)

I'm still supporting iOS 5 though so I'll need a combination of Andrew's answer and this.

Answer 14

In .h file add UIKeyInput delegate

- (BOOL)keyboardInputShouldDelete:(UITextField *)textField {

if ([textField isEqual:_txtFirstDigit]) {

}else if([textField isEqual:_txtSecondDigit]) {
    [_txtFirstDigit becomeFirstResponder];

}else if([textField isEqual:_txtThirdDigit]) {
    [_txtSecondDigit becomeFirstResponder];

}else if([textField isEqual:_txtFourthDigit]) {
    [_txtThirdDigit becomeFirstResponder];
}
return YES;
}   

improved Formatting

Answer 15

Rather than trying to preconstruct what WILL BE in the text field or figure out what special character has been entered in the shouldChangeCharactersInRange method, I would suggest doing the following:

[self performSelector:@selector(manageSearchResultsDisplay) 
           withObject:nil 
           afterDelay:0];

This allows you to call a method directly after the current operation completes. What's cool about this is that, by the time it completes, the modified value will already be in the UITextField. At that point, you can just check its length and/or validate based on what's there.

Answer 16

Subclassing UITextField did not work for me on iOS 8.3, deleteBackward was never called.

Here is the solution I used, works on all iOS 8 versions and should work on other iOS versions as well

for textField in textFields {
            textField.text = " "
}

func textField(textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersInRange range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool {
        if string == "" && textField.text == " "   {
            // Do stuff here
            return false
        }
        return true
}

Answer 17

I have implemented the similar solution with minor improvements that will tell me that if the text field has any value while the user has tapped the backspace. This is useful for my case when I should only focus on another text field if the text field is empty when backspace pressed.

protocol MyTextFieldDelegate : UITextFieldDelegate {
    func textFieldDidDelete(textField: MyTextField, hasValue: Bool)
}

override func deleteBackward() {
    let currentText = self.text ?? ""
    super.deleteBackward()
    let hasValue = currentText.isEmpty ? false : true
    if let delegate = self.delegate as? MyTextFieldDelegate {
        delegate.textFieldDidDelete(textField: self, hasValue: hasValue)
    }
}

Answer 18

The most poplar answer is missing one thing — the ability to detect whether the text field was empty or not.

That is, when you override the deleteBackwards() method of a TextField subclass, you still don't know whether the text field was already empty. (Both before and after deleteBackwards(), textField.text! is an empty string: "")

Here's my improvement, with a check for emptiness prior to deletion.

1. Create a delegate protocol that extends UITextFieldDelegate

protocol MyTextFieldDelegate: UITextFieldDelegate {
    func textField(_ textField: UITextField, didDeleteBackwardAnd wasEmpty: Bool)
}

2. Subclass UITextField

class MyTextField: UITextField {
    override func deleteBackward() {
        // see if text was empty
        let wasEmpty = text == nil || text! == ""

        // then perform normal behavior
        super.deleteBackward()

        // now, notify delegate (if existent)
        (delegate as? MyTextFieldDelegate)?.textField(self, didDeleteBackwardAnd: wasEmpty)
    }
}

3. Implement your new delegate protocol

extension MyViewController: MyTextFieldDelegate {
    func textField(_ textField: UITextField, didDeleteBackwardAnd wasEmpty: Bool) {
        if wasEmpty {
            // do what you want here...
        }
    }
}

Answer 19

Comprehensive handler for textfield with single digit number for Swift 5.1:

• Assuming that you have outlet collection of textFields (with connected delegates as well)

1 Step

protocol MyTextFieldDelegate: class {
    func textField(_ textField: UITextField, didDeleteBackwardAnd wasEmpty: Bool) 
}

final class MyTextField: UITextField {

    weak var myDelegate: MyTextFieldDelegate?

    override func deleteBackward() {
        let wasEmpty = text == nil || text == ""

        // then perform normal behavior
        super.deleteBackward()

        // now, notify delegate (if existent)
        (delegate as? MyTextFieldDelegate)?.textField(self, didDeleteBackwardAnd: wasEmpty)
    }
}

2 Step

final class ViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet private var textFields: [MyTextField]!

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        textFields.forEach {
            $0.delegate = self
            $0.myDelegate = self
        }
    }
}

3 Step

extension ViewController: UITextFieldDelegate, MyTextFieldDelegate {
    func textFieldHasChanged(with text: String, _ tag: Int, for textField: UITextField) {
        textField.text = text

        if let someTextField = (textFields.filter { $0.tag == tag }).first {
            someTextField.becomeFirstResponder()
        } else {
            view.endEditing(true)
        }
    }

    func textField(_ textField: UITextField, didDeleteBackwardAnd wasEmpty: Bool) {
        // If the user was pressing backward and the value was empty, go to previous textField
        textFieldHasChanged(with: "", textField.tag - 1, for: textField)
    }

    func textField(_ textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersIn range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool {
        // Restrict to only digits
        let aSet = NSCharacterSet(charactersIn: "0123456789").inverted
        let compSepByCharInSet = string.components(separatedBy: aSet)
        let numberFiltered = compSepByCharInSet.joined(separator: "")

        guard string == numberFiltered, let text = textField.text else { return false }

        if text.count >= 1 && string.isEmpty {
            // If the user is deleting the value
            textFieldHasChanged(with: "", textField.tag - 1, for: textField)
        } else {
            textFieldHasChanged(with: string, textField.tag + 1, for: textField)
        }

        return false
    }
}

Answer 20

Here my solution based on @andrew idea:

somewhere, for example in viewDidLoad

        textField.delegate = self
        textField.addTarget(self, action: #selector(valueChanged(_:)), for: .editingDidBegin)

and then

    @objc func valueChanged(_ textField: UITextField) {
        textField.text = "\u{200B}"
    }

    override func textField(_ textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersIn range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool {
        textField.text = string
        if string == "" {
            //backpaspace pressed 
        }

Answer 21

:) just for the title "Detect backspace", where I use UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad.

I also meet the same question tonight, and following is my code to find it out:

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField 
        shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range 
        replacementString:(NSString *)string
{
    NSLog([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", [string length]]);
}

Because with UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad, user can only input Number or backspace, so when the length of string is 0, it must be backspace key.

Hope the above will do some help.

Answer 22

All the answers are very helpful and I don't know why everyone is taking the protocol route. You can do it with much less code with call back function like-

Swift 5.0 or above

1. Make a custom textfield class extending the UITextField and override the deleteBackward function-

   class CustomTextField: UITextField {

    var backButtonPressedInEmptyTextField: (()->())?
   
    override func deleteBackward() {
        super.deleteBackward()
        if let text = self.text, text.count == 0{
            backButtonPressedInEmptyTextField?()
            print("Back space clicked when textfield is empty")
        }
    }
   

   }

2. Let's assume you want to do something based on that in your ViewController, MyViewController. So, in the MyViewController, just do following-

   class MyViewController: UIViewController{ @IBOutlet weak var sampleTextField: CustomTextField!{ didSet{ sampleTextField.backButtonPressedInEmptyTextField = backButtonPressed() } }

    func backButtonPressed(){
        //do whatever you want
    }
   

   }

I feel with closure or call-back function, it is much cleaner.

Answer 23

Something like this:

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField 
        shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range 
        replacementString:(NSString *)string       
{  
    if (![text hash] && ![textField.text length])  
        [self backspaceInEmptyTextField];  
}

of course the hash is for one character string.

Answer 24

Using the TextField Delegate method:

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string

Add the following code in above method to detect delete event

if(textField == YourTextField)
{
    if ([string length] == 0 && range.length > 0)
    {
        // Your Code after deletion of character
    }
}

Answer 25

+ (BOOL)detectBackspaceOnly:(NSString *)string
{
    for(int i=0 ; i<string.length ; i++){
        unichar caract = [string characterAtIndex:i];
        if(caract != ' ' && caract != '\n')
            return NO;
    }

    return YES;
}

Answer 26

You can check the text of the text view/field to see if it's empty and make sure the replacement text is also empty in the shouldChangeTextIn delegate method.

func textView(_ textView: UITextView, shouldChangeTextIn range: NSRange, replacementText text: String) -> Bool {
    if (textView.text == "" && text == "") {
        print("Backspace on empty text field.")
    }
    return true
}

Answer 27

In UITextViewDelegate:

- (BOOL)               textView:(UITextView *)textView 
        shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range 
                replacementText:(NSString *)text
{
    if(text isEqualToString:@"");
    {
        NSLog(@"press backspace.");
    }
}

it works ok for me.

update for Chinese simplified pinyin and Chinese handwriting input:

- (BOOL)               textView:(UITextView *)textView 
        shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range 
                replacementText:(NSString *)text
{
    if (range.length > 0 && [text isEqualToString:@""]) {
        NSLog(@"press Backspace.");
    }
    return YES;
}

base on the document says:

"If the user presses the deleteKey, the length of the range is 1 and an empty string object replaces that single character."

Answer 28

To Keep it Simple here is the only condition u need to check

     if (range.length==1)