If you want to clear a persistent from outside of the function within which it's defined, then you need to clear the function itself:
clear functionNameWithPersistentVariable
Or clear all (unlocked) functions from memory:
clear functions
If the function in question is actually a method of a class, you may need to use clear classes instead. See also this table in the documentation for clear.
Within the function itself you may be able to use whos and something like the suggestion in this Matlab Central answer. Unfortunately, I don't know of any elegant documented way to find or list functions or persistent variables that are currently in memory.