The code snippet below will bind the event handler when your template is created and unbind when your template is destroyed. Should give you the behavior you're looking for.
var layoutMouseUpHandler = function(e) {
console.log('window.mouseup');
};
Template.layout.onCreated(function() {
$(window).on('mouseup', layoutMouseUpHandler);
});
Template.layout.onDestroyed(function() {
$(window).off('mouseup', layoutMouseUpHandler);
});
Note that the event is bound in the onCreated handler, so there's a chance the template will not have been rendered yet when the event fires. If your handler interacts with the DOM, you will need to check for that. It is not bound in the onRendered handler because that would cause your mouseup handler to be bound multiple times if the template were re-rendered.
Edit: As Serkan mentions below, the new UI engine only calls onRendered once when the template is inserted into the DOM. This makes it a better choice than onCreated if your event handler will interact with the DOM.