There are two problems here.
First, you're using the currentdate variable without first declaring it. This is easy enough to fix by adding in var currentdate = new Date();
Second, the getter methods on a Date object don't return with leading zeros. This means you need to get the value and check if it's less than 9. If it is, you need to add in a leading zero.
Something like:
$(document).ready(function () {
  var currentdate=new Date() // Declare date variable 
  var datetime = "" + currentdate.getFullYear();
  var month = currentdate.getMonth() + 1; // Month is 0-11, not 1-12
  if (month < 10) {
    month = '0' + month;
  }
  datetime += month;
  var day = currentdate.getDate();
  if (day < 10) {
    day = '0' + day;
  }
  datetime += day;
  var hours = currentdate.getHours();
  if (hours < 10) {
    hours = '0' + hours;
  }
  datetime += hours;
  var minutes = currentdate.getMinutes();
  if (minutes < 10) {
    minutes = '0' + minutes;
  }
  datetime += minutes;
  var seconds = currentdate.getSeconds();
  if (seconds < 10) {
    seconds = '0' + seconds;
  }
  datetime += seconds;
  alert(datetime);
});