Maybe overkill,
function rgbToHex(str_rgb, withShorts, b) {
    var r, g, h;
    if (arguments.length < 3) {
        withShorts = !!withShorts;
        h = str_rgb.match(/rgba?\( *(\d+) *, *(\d+) *, *(\d+)/);
        r = +h[1];
        g = +h[2];
        b = +h[3];
    } else {
        r = str_rgb | 0, g = withShorts | 0, b = b | 0;
        withShorts = !!arguments[3];
    }
    r = r.toString(16), g = g.toString(16), b = b.toString(16);
    r = ('0' + r).slice(-2), g = ('0' + g).slice(-2), b = ('0' + b).slice(-2);
    if (withShorts) {
        if (r[0] === r[1])
            if(g[0] === g[1])
                if (b[0] === b[1])
                    return '#' + (r[0] + g[0] + b[0]).toUpperCase();
    }
    return '#' + (r + g + b).toUpperCase();
}
Now have
// ints
rgbToHex(255, 255, 255);       // "#FFFFFF"
rgbToHex(255, 255, 255, true); // "#FFF"
// strings
rgbToHex('rgb(255, 255, 255)');       // "#FFFFFF"
rgbToHex('rgb(255, 255, 255)', true); // "#FFF"
// ignores alpha
rgbToHex('rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)'); // "#FFFFFF"
// does padding
rgbToHex(1, 10, 14); // "#010A0E"