Is it obligatory to write Product node (parent) before Offer node (child) in DOM schema of schema.org or I can define Offer node without its parent node?
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Schema.org never requires the existence of "parent" items (unless you use itemprop on an element with itemscope).
So this is totally fine:
<html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer">
</html>
But even if you would want to add a Product, it doesn’t have to be a parent for Offer.
You can nest the Product under Offer:
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer">
<div itemprop="itemOffered" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Product"></div>
</div>
Or you can have both on the same level and use itemref:
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer" itemref="foo">
</div>
<div itemprop="itemOffered" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Product" id="foo">
</div>
