Ends up, yes and no. To do this, you'll want to use git difftool. There are a few gotchas on the way to getting that to work though.
First off, it'll ask you what editor you want to use every time, which is a pain. You'll want to pass a -y flag into difftool.
Assuming the default diff tool git uses, you'll also want to specify exactly what tool you'll want. You can do this two ways, one through -t <toolname> the other --tool=<toolname>.
Assuming you'll always want to default to to be a specific tool, you can set this using the .gitconfig.
[difftool]
gui = meld
This should set the default tool difftool asks you, let me know if this part isn't accurate.
Here's a final copy of my .gitconfig that has a working alias for difftoool.
[alias]
mdiff = difftool -t "meld" -y
This has the extra benefit of not having to always wait for meld to open, as well as still being able to get a text diff on the command line.