How does the "in" operator work with non-string keys?

Question

When I use in operator in javascript, I find something strange. It seems that in uses a similar rule as == but not the same. Here are some tests:

var obj = {1: 'a', 3: 'b'};
1 in obj     //=> true
'1' in obj   //=> true
[1] in obj   //=> true
true in obj  //=> false

Because 1 == '1' == [1] == true, so it seems that operand will be cast to string or integer type before comparison with in operator except for boolean. So I wonder am I right?

Answer 1

You're correct. It will first convert the left operand to a string, note however that the rules for converting between various data types in JavaScript are a lot more subtle than you might think.

true == "true"   //=> true
true == "1"      //=> true
"true" == "1"    //=> false

The precise rules are fairly complicated^*, but the important thing to remember here is that when a Boolean is converted directly to a string, this is the result:

true.toString()  //=> "true"
false.toString() //=> "false"

So this is exactly the behavior you should expect, for example:

var obj = { "true": "a", "false": "b" };
true in obj      //=> true
false in obj     //=> true
1 in obj         //=> false

^{* See Does it matter which equals operator (== vs ===) I use in JavaScript comparisons?}

Answer 2

They appear to be different contexts.

These check keys, where true isn't a key.

1 in obj     //=> true
'1' in obj   //=> true
[1] in obj   //=> true
true in obj  //=> false

1 == '1' == [1] == true

This checks bit value where 1 is true.

0 == false should be true.