A straight Redirect would not work well. But using mod_rewrite with a RewriteCond for a query string would work well. This should work for your example:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} isbn=9788493652470
RewriteRule ^libro.php http://mydomain.com/busqueda.php?busqueda=medimecum [L,R=301]
Now looking at your question again it’s not clear if you want to pass along the original query string, correct? So this URL:
http://mydomain.com/libro.php?isbn=9788493652470
Would become this URL:
http://mydomain.com/busqueda.php?busqueda=medimecum&isbn=9788493652470
But if somehow you wanted to do that, you could add the QSA (Query String Append) flag to that RewriteRule like this:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} isbn=9788493652470
RewriteRule ^libro\.php http://mydomain.com/busqueda.php?busqueda=medimecum [L,R=301,QSA]